US Congress Permanently Lifts Sanctions on Syria

The United States Congress has voted to permanently lift sanctions imposed on Syria during the rule of former president Bashar al-Assad, marking a major shift in Washington’s policy towards the war-torn nation. The move signals warming ties with the government led by interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa and opens the door for foreign investment and economic reconstruction after more than a decade of conflict.

Repeal of the Caesar Act

The US Senate approved the repeal of the 2019 Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act as part of a broader annual defence legislation. The bill was passed with a strong bipartisan majority of 77 votes in favour and 20 against, following earlier approval by the House of Representatives. The legislation is expected to be signed into law by President Donald Trump, formalising the end of one of the most restrictive sanctions regimes imposed on Syria.

Background and Policy Shift

President Trump had previously suspended the implementation of sanctions on two occasions, responding to appeals from Saudi Arabia and Turkey, both allies of Syria’s new leadership. However, President al-Sharaa sought a permanent repeal, arguing that sanctions remaining on US statute books continued to deter global businesses due to legal and financial risks. The congressional decision removes this uncertainty and represents a decisive policy reset.

International and Syrian Reactions

The repeal received broad support across party lines in the US. Senator Jeanne Shaheen described the decision as a critical step towards enabling Syrians to rebuild after years of conflict and humanitarian suffering. Damascus welcomed the move, with Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani calling it a turning point that opens new avenues for cooperation and partnership with the international community.

What to Note for Exams?

• The Caesar Act was enacted in 2019 to sanction Syria under Bashar al-Assad.
• The US Senate voted 77–20 to repeal the law.
• The Act restricted foreign investment and access to international banking.
• Ahmad al-Sharaa became Syria’s interim president after seizing Damascus in 2024.

Implications for Syria’s Future

The lifting of sanctions is expected to facilitate investment, restore banking access and accelerate reconstruction in Syria. The Caesar Act had been designed to block rebuilding efforts while Assad remained in power, but its repeal reflects changing geopolitical realities following the rise of the al-Sharaa government. The decision also highlights Syria’s efforts to normalise relations with Western nations and reintegrate into the global economic system.