Uranium Detected in Breast Milk Across Bihar Districts

A recent scientific assessment has revealed the presence of uranium in the breast milk of lactating mothers in multiple districts of Bihar. The findings have raised concerns about potential health risks to infants, even though measured concentrations remain below global safety limits.

Study Findings and Sample Analysis

The study examined breast milk samples from 40 lactating women and detected uranium (U-238) in every specimen. The highest average contamination was recorded in Khagaria, while the highest individual value appeared in Katihar. Although uranium levels remained within permissible global thresholds, researchers noted that 70 per cent of infants exhibited a hazard quotient above 1, suggesting possible non-carcinogenic health effects from prolonged exposure.

Potential Health Risks for Infants

Infants are more vulnerable to contaminants due to their limited ability to expel heavy metals. Prolonged uranium exposure may affect kidney development, neurological growth, and cognitive outcomes. Risks such as reduced IQ and developmental delays were highlighted as potential long-term effects. However, experts indicate that most uranium absorbed by mothers is excreted through urine rather than concentrated in breast milk, keeping the actual risk relatively low and not warranting discontinuation of breastfeeding.

Sources of Uranium and Environmental Concerns

Uranium occurs naturally in rock formations such as granite and can seep into groundwater through geological processes. Human activities including mining, the burning of coal, nuclear industry operations, and the use of phosphate fertilisers are known contributors to contamination. In India, uranium has been detected in groundwater across several states, including parts of Bihar. The findings underscore the necessity of consistent monitoring to understand regional exposure patterns.

Exam Oriented Facts

• Uranium (U-238) was detected in all analysed breast milk samples in the study.
• Seventy per cent of infants showed a hazard quotient above 1 for non-carcinogenic risk.
• The WHO provisional guideline for uranium in drinking water is 30 µg/L.
• India has reported uranium contamination in groundwater across 18 states.

Need for Broader Monitoring and Future Research

Researchers have emphasised the importance of expanding similar studies to other states to assess exposure to heavy metals and toxic pollutants. Plans include examining pesticides and additional contaminants in breast milk. The findings reinforce the need for sustained biomonitoring to protect maternal and infant health, particularly in regions dependent on groundwater sources.