UGC Draft Learning Outcomes-based Curriculum Framework
The University Grants Commission (UGC) in 2025 released a draft Learning Outcomes-based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) for multiple disciplines. The framework aims to integrate Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) into subjects like anthropology, chemistry, commerce, economics, geography, home science, mathematics, physical education, and political science. This move has sparked debate as some states oppose the focus on Indian knowledge citing concerns over ideological bias.
Redefinition of Discrimination
The new UGC draft redefines discrimination narrowly. It states caste-based discrimination applies only if directed against Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). This change affects how social justice topics are taught in political science and related fields.
Inclusion of Indian Knowledge Systems
The LOCF mandates the inclusion of Indian cultural, scientific, and philosophical contributions in all subjects. For example, chemistry honours courses begin with a salutation to Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge. Commerce courses include teachings from Kautilya’s Arthashastra. Mathematics covers mandala geometry, yantras, rangoli, and ancient Indian contributions to algebra and calculus.
Subject-Specific Indian Content
- Commerce – Emphasises Bhartiya philosophy for ethical leadership and sustainable business. Concepts like Ram Rajya are linked to corporate social responsibility and ESG frameworks. The curriculum promotes understanding of dharmic wealth, trade ethics, and guild systems.
- Economics – Covers Indian ideas on wealth, economy, trade, labour ethics, and ecological values. It marks the king’s role in economy and indigenous exchange systems.
- Chemistry – Includes modules on traditional Indian fermented beverages such as kanji, mahua, and toddy. It also revisits ancient atomic concepts alongside modern atomic theory.
- Anthropology – Incorporates perspectives from Charaka, Sushruta, Buddha, and Mahavira on nature-culture relationships. This aligns with the National Education Policy’s emphasis on decolonising education.
Credit Distribution and Multidisciplinary Approach
Despite the National Education Policy’s push for multidisciplinary learning, the LOCF prioritises single-major courses. For example, a BSc Chemistry honours degree proposes 172 credits, with 96 for core courses and only limited general electives. Commerce follows a similar pattern, limiting cross-disciplinary exposure.
Stakeholder Engagement and Controversy
UGC has invited feedback from educators and institutions on the draft. Opposition-ruled states have protested the emphasis on Indian Knowledge Systems, alleging saffronisation of education.
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