Two New Marine Worm Species Discovered off West Bengal Coast

Researchers have discovered two new species of marine worms along the heavily impacted coastline of West Bengal, revealing hidden biodiversity in the northern Bay of Bengal despite intense human activity and industrial pollution. The findings underscore the ecological resilience of certain marine organisms and highlight the need for closer monitoring of coastal ecosystems.

Discovery in Polluted Coastal Zones

The discovery was made in the Digha and Bankiput regions of Purba Medinipur by scientists from the “Zoological Survey of India” (ZSI), working with international experts. According to ZSI, the identification of these species sheds light on fragile yet biologically rich marine habitats that persist even under extreme environmental stress in the northern Bay of Bengal.

Scientific Description and Naming

The findings were published in the UK-based “Journal of Natural History” in a study titled “Description of Two New Species of Nereidids from West Bengal, India, Bay of Bengal”. One species, “Namalycastis solenotognatha”, derives its name from Greek words referring to its distinctive “channeled jaw” structure. The second species, “Nereis dhritiae”, has been named in honour of “Dhriti Banerjee”, the first woman director of ZSI.

Extreme Habitats and Ecological Role

Researchers found “N. solenotognatha” thriving in sulfide-rich, foul-smelling mudflats, often on decomposing mangrove wood and hardened clay. “N. dhritiae” was discovered living inside submerged wooden dock piles along sandy beaches during high tide. These nereidid worms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and sediment aeration, helping maintain coastal ecosystem health even in degraded environments.

Important Facts for Exams

• Polychaete worms are key indicators of marine ecosystem health.
• Nereidid worms contribute to nutrient cycling and sediment aeration.
• Digha and Bankiput lie along the northern Bay of Bengal coast.
• Zoological Survey of India is India’s apex body for faunal studies.

Bioindicators of Coastal Resilience

The research team, including scientists from ZSI and Mexico’s “CICESE”, observed that the presence of these worms in highly polluted zones reflects the exceptional resilience of polychaetes. Experts noted that such species can serve as vital bioindicators for monitoring coastal health. While further research is required to understand their full ecological potential, the discovery reinforces the message that India’s marine biodiversity still holds many undocumented species deserving protection.