Thailand-Cambodia Border Conflict
The Thailand-Cambodia border conflict intensified in July 2025, with military strikes and deadly clashes resulting in civilian casualties and diplomatic strain. Both nations accuse each other of sovereignty violations amid ongoing disputes over territory and historic temples. The situation remains volatile with military engagements and political repercussions.
Recent Military Clashes and Strikes
In late July 2025, Thailand’s army launched air strikes targeting Cambodian military positions along their disputed border. Thailand deployed F-16 fighter jets and claimed to have destroyed Cambodian regional support units. Fighting occurred at six locations, prompting evacuation of Thai border residents. Cambodia accused Thailand of excessive force while Thailand condemned Cambodian landmine placements injuring Thai soldiers.
Disputed Areas and Historical Context
The conflict centres on a border spanning over 800 kilometres, rooted in colonial-era maps from 1907. Both countries claim sovereignty over areas including the Prasat Ta Muen Thom temple near Surin province and the Preah Vihear temple on the Cambodia-Thailand border. These sites hold religious and cultural significance and have been flashpoints for decades.
Prasat Ta Muen Thom Temple Incident
Clashes on 24 July 2025 were reported near Prasat Ta Muen Thom, a Khmer archaeological site. Thailand accused Cambodia of drone surveillance and attacks near the temple. Cambodia denied these claims, stating Thai troops initiated incursions violating Cambodian territory. The temple complex includes Hindu and Buddhist structures built under King Jayavarman VII.
Diplomatic Fallout and Nationalist Rhetoric
Diplomatic relations deteriorated sharply after mutual accusations of violence. Thailand’s foreign ministry condemned Cambodia’s alleged mine-laying and artillery shelling. Cambodia responded with bans on Thai media and imports. Political instability in Thailand followed a leaked phone call involving the Prime Minister, which sparked protests and coalition shifts.
Preah Vihear Temple Dispute
The Preah Vihear temple dispute remains unresolved despite International Court of Justice rulings favouring Cambodia in 1962 and 2013. The temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is claimed by both nations. Attempts to create a demilitarised zone failed, and Thailand rejects the court’s jurisdiction. This has led to repeated violent clashes and displacement of civilians.
Impact on Border Communities and Cross-Border Movement
The conflict has disrupted daily life for border communities. Crossings have been restricted to essential travel such as students and medical cases. Trade bans and internet disruptions have further isolated the regions. Civilians face heightened insecurity due to ongoing military activity and political tensions.
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