Tamil Nadu Launches Smooth-Coated Otter Conservation Initiative

Tamil Nadu has launched a focused conservation initiative to protect the smooth-coated otter in the Cauvery Delta, responding to rising human–wildlife conflict and shrinking freshwater habitats. The programme reflects growing concern over the declining presence of this vulnerable species in the state’s river systems.

Ecological role of the smooth-coated otter

The smooth-coated otter is the largest otter species in Asia and a key indicator of wetland health. Living in social groups known as bevvies, these otters hunt cooperatively and help regulate fish populations. A single group can consume large quantities of fish annually, maintaining balance in aquatic ecosystems. In the Cauvery delta, otters occupy irrigation canals, slow-moving tributaries, and mangrove edges, where they shelter in earthen holts along riverbanks.

Rising conflict with riverine communities

In fishing villages such as Anaikarai, otters are locally called “meenakutty” for their playful behaviour around nets and boats. However, reduced river flows and declining fish stocks have intensified competition. Otters are often injured after getting trapped in nets, while damaged gear and lost catch strain fisherfolk livelihoods. Pollution, pesticide runoff, plastic waste, and upstream dams have further reduced prey availability.

State-backed conservation programme

The initiative was announced during a Tamil Nadu Assembly session on endangered species protection. It aims to study population dynamics, behaviour, and habitat quality across Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, and Cuddalore districts. The species is listed as vulnerable and is protected under Schedule I of India’s Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The project has received administrative approval of ₹20 lakh, with funding allocated for the 2025–26 financial year.

What to Note for Exams?

• Smooth-coated otters are Asia’s largest otter species.
• They are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
• The species is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
• Otters act as bio-indicators of healthy freshwater ecosystems.

Research, restoration, and community engagement

The study will be led by the forest department’s research wing, with fieldwork conducted in the delta region. Scientists will use direct sightings, faecal analysis, camera documentation, and environmental DNA sampling. Findings will guide habitat restoration measures such as reed plantation, fish ladders, and conflict-reduction strategies, alongside awareness programmes run with local communities and conservation groups to ensure long-term protection of the species.