Sunabeda Sanctuary Emerges as Potential Leopard Habitat

Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha’s Nuapada district, recently declared Maoist-free, is witnessing a significant rise in leopard presence, officials said. The development has renewed conservation optimism for the 600 sq km forest, which is also a proposed tiger reserve and has long been affected by Left-wing extremism.

High Leopard Presence Indicated by Camera Traps

During the latest all-India tiger estimation exercise, whose official data is yet to be released, Sunabeda authorities recorded extensive leopard activity. Officials claim that over 70 leopards may inhabit the sanctuary, with nearly 90 per cent of installed camera traps capturing leopard images or signs. The district has also consistently reported incidents of man–leopard conflict, indicating a stable and possibly growing population.

Improved Security Enables Better Wildlife Monitoring

Forest officials attribute the improved assessment to the absence of Maoist interference. Earlier, camera traps were often removed or damaged, and forest personnel avoided large parts of the sanctuary due to security risks. Nearly half of Sunabeda’s area had remained under Maoist influence for years, limiting scientific monitoring. With the threat reduced, wildlife staff were able to install camera traps across all sectors, providing clearer insights into carnivore and herbivore populations.

Favourable Habitat and Rising Prey Density

According to the Divisional Forest Officer, Sameer Sahu, improved habitat management has led to higher prey density. The sanctuary supports a wide range of prey species, including deer, chowsingha, wild boar and bison. Officials believe this ecological richness, combined with reduced human disturbance, has made Sunabeda conducive for large carnivores, particularly leopards.

Important Facts for Exams

• Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Nuapada district of Odisha.
• It is a proposed tiger reserve spread over about 600 sq km.
• Leopards adapt well to varied habitats with adequate prey.
• Maoist activity has historically affected conservation efforts.

Tiger Conservation Prospects After Maoist Exit

Sunabeda’s tiger population has shown fluctuations over the years. A 2016 state census recorded four tigers, but the latest national report released in July last year found none. Experts say prolonged Maoist presence since 2009 damaged forest infrastructure and hindered protection efforts. With security conditions improving and contiguous forests linking Sunabeda to Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary in Chhattisgarh, conservationists hope the results of the ongoing census will reflect ecological recovery and improved prospects for big cats.