Steppe Eagle Finds Stronghold in Western Rajasthan

The western region of Rajasthan has recently been identified as a key wintering stronghold for the Steppe Eagle, a large migratory raptor. This recognition highlights the ecological importance of India’s arid landscapes in supporting globally threatened species during their migratory cycle.

About the Steppe Eagle

The Steppe Eagle belongs to the subfamily Aquilinae, commonly known as “booted eagles.” It is a large, robust bird characterised by dark brown plumage, a thick neck and a relatively small head. Its powerful build and soaring flight make it one of the most striking raptors found across open landscapes.

Habitat and distribution

This species inhabits a wide range of environments, including steppe regions, deserts, semi-deserts, grasslands, savannas and agricultural fields. It is distributed across Europe, Asia and parts of Africa. The eagle breeds mainly in Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia and migrates southwards during winter, with India serving as a key destination.

Behaviour and ecological traits

The Steppe Eagle is a specialised predator, primarily feeding on small mammals such as ground squirrels, along with birds and reptiles. Notably, it is the only eagle species that nests mainly on the ground. Its migratory behaviour is closely linked to seasonal temperature changes and food availability.

Important Facts for Exams

• Steppe Eagle is a migratory raptor wintering in India, especially Rajasthan.
• It belongs to the subfamily Aquilinae (booted eagles).
• It breeds in Central Asia and migrates south during winter.
• IUCN Red List status: Endangered.

Threats and conservation concerns

The species faces multiple threats, including habitat loss, human persecution, wildfires and the destruction of nests. Chicks are also vulnerable to predation and accidental trampling by livestock. The identification of Rajasthan as a stronghold underscores the need for conservation measures to protect critical habitats and ensure the survival of this endangered bird.