South Africa Launches First Local FMD Vaccine in 20 Years

South Africa has rolled out its first locally produced vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in nearly two decades, marking a major milestone in the country’s animal health management. The announcement was made by the Department of Agriculture, signalling a strategic shift towards domestic vaccine self-sufficiency and proactive disease control.

Breakthrough in Domestic Vaccine Production

The vaccine has been developed and produced by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). An initial batch of 12,900 doses has been released, with production capacity expected to scale up to around 20,000 doses per week by March. Authorities have confirmed that plans are underway to distribute the vaccine to livestock herds across the country, prioritising high-risk regions.

Reducing Import Dependence and Restoring Status

Speaking at the launch, Agriculture Minister John Steenhuisen said the locally produced vaccine would strengthen South Africa’s frontline defence against FMD. He emphasised that the long-term objective is to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers and build sustainable domestic capacity. The initiative is also aimed at helping the country regain its FMD-free status from the World Organisation for Animal Health, which is crucial for livestock exports.

Scientific, Proactive Approach to Disease Control

According to the Department of Agriculture, the vaccine rollout reflects a move away from reactive containment towards a science-led prevention strategy. Foot-and-mouth disease is highly contagious and has severe economic consequences due to trade restrictions, production losses, and livestock movement controls. Officials noted that sustained vaccination coverage is essential to contain outbreaks and protect rural livelihoods.

Important Facts for Exams

• Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals.
• South Africa aims to regain FMD-free status recognised by the World Organisation for Animal Health.
• African buffalo are key wildlife reservoirs of the FMD virus.
• Local vaccine production reduces biosecurity risks linked to imports.

Economic and Livestock Health Implications

FMD primarily affects cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats, causing fever and blister-like lesions that severely reduce productivity. While adult animals usually survive, mortality rates in young animals can be high. By expanding local vaccine production, South Africa expects to better safeguard its livestock sector, stabilise meat and dairy supply chains, and improve resilience against future outbreaks.