1. Consider the following:
- Trojans
- Adware
- Trackware
- Keyloggers
With reference to common computer applications, which of the above can be classified as types of spyware?
[A] Only 1, 2, 3
[B] 1, 2, 3, 4
[C] Only 1 and 2
[D] Only 2, 3, 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1, 2, 3, 4]
Notes:
All of the listed items — Trojans, Adware, Trackware, and Keyloggers — are considered types of spyware. Trojans disguise themselves to grant unauthorized access; Adware surreptitiously collects user data; Trackware monitors activities and relays them; Keyloggers capture keystrokes to steal sensitive information. Therefore, all four can be classified as spyware.
2. Which of the following are non-volatile memories?
- ROM
- Flash Memory
- F-RAM
- D-RAM
- Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1, 2, 5
[C] Only 1, 2, 4, 5
[D] Only 1, 2, 3, 5
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Only 1, 2, 3, 5]
Notes:
Non-volatile memory retains data even without power. ROM, Flash Memory, and F-RAM are standard non-volatile memories. EVMs use non-volatile memory for secure data retention. D-RAM is volatile, losing data when power is off. Therefore, 1, 2, 3, and 5 are non-volatile; 4 (DRAM) is not.
3. Which among the following is / are considered to be “unconventional” sources of Natural Gas?
- Shale Gas
- Coal bed methane
- Tight Sand stones
- Methane Hydrates
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 3 & 4
[B] Only 2, 3 & 4
[C] Only 1 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
Unconventional gas is natural gas obtained from sources of production that are, in a given era and location, considered to be new and different. The Sources that are at times considered to be unconventional include the following:
1. Coalbed methane.
2. Methane clathrate (gas hydrate)
3. Shale gas.
4. Synthetic natural gas, such as oil shale gas.
5. Tight sandstones.
4. The programme AKRUTI-KRUTIK-FORCE:
- is an initiative from Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
- aims to provide easy access of modern technologies to rural areas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 and 2]
Notes:
The scheme aims to create structured and scalable network of technology nodes in rural areas providing easy access to modern technologies to all villagers in their own villages.‘AKRUTI’ is an acronym for ‘Advance Knowledge and RUral Technology Implementation’ programme. It is an initiative from BARC.
5. Consider the following statements with respect to LIGO project, which is sometimes seen in news:
- LIGO project helps to understand Earth’s interior by studying seismic waves.
- India is a partner in LIGO project.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ Only 2]
Notes:
First statement is incorrect because LIGO project is related to study of gravitational waves in space. Second statement is correct. Also, we note that LIGO-India, or INDIGO, is a planned collaborative project between the LIGO Laboratory and the Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations (IndIGO) to create a world-class gravitational-wave detector in India.
6. CubeSats:
- are small satellites of 10 cm cubic dimension
- launching is much cheaper than traditional satellites
- are usually placed in geostationary earth orbit
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Only 1 & 2]
Notes:
Third statement is incorrect because CubeSats are usually placed in low earth orbits. nbsp;
7. Consider the following statements regarding the Trigeneration system of energy production:
- It disallows Green House Gases from escaping into the environment
- It can produce electricity, heating, and cooling simultaneously from a single fuel
- It is more efficient compared to conventional systems
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]
Notes:
All statements are correct. Trigeneration systems produce electricity, heating, and cooling from a single fuel source, offering improved efficiency. Additionally, by optimizing energy use and integrating advanced technologies, these systems minimize the environmental impact, including significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to separate energy generation methods.
8. Consider the following statements about Aditya-L1 Mission:
- The mission will be India’s first space mission to study the Sun.
- The mission will help to understand the composition of solar wind and its energy distribution.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Aditya-L1 is the India’s first dedicated scientific mission to study the sun. The mission is a joint venture between ISRO and physicists from various institutes including Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru; Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune; and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai. The mission costs approximately Rs. 378 crores. The project was conceived in 2008. Initially it was planned to launch the Aditya-1 satellite as a low-earth orbit satellite but subsequently the plan was changed and now ISRO is planning to place the satellite at Lagrangian point L1. The upgraded mission is called Aditya-L1.
9. Consider the following statements regarding “Project White Spaces” in India:
- The project was initiated by Google.
- The technology requires line-of-sight (LOS) for operation.
- White Space technology generally operates at a higher range than traditional Wi-Fi technologies.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] None of the above statements are correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [None of the above statements are correct]
Notes:
Statement 1 is incorrect as Project White Spaces in India was initiated by Microsoft, not Google. Statement 2 is incorrect since White Space technology can operate in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions. Only statement 3 is correct; White Space signals do have higher range compared to traditional Wi-Fi.
10. Recently, Germany rolled out world’s first hydrogen-powered train. Hydrogen fuel cell can provide powerful and nearly clean source of energy, but there are several challenges that make them difficult means of energy production. Which of the following is / are correct statements in this context?
- The technologies to free hydrogen from other elements are not cost effective
- Hydrogen fuel is difficult to store and move around
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Major problem associated with Hydrogen fuell cell is with extracting and storing of hydrogen on safety backgrounds as it has high energy content. Beside this, hydrogen requires atleast twice energy as electricity to that of the tonnage of coal, twice to that of nuclear plants to provide an equivalent unit of work. Most of today’s hydrogen is produced from natural gas, which is only an interim solution since it discards 30% of the energy in one valuable but depletable fuel (natural gas) to obtain 70% of another (hydrogen).The challenge is to develop more appropriate methods based on sustainable energy sources, methods that do not employ electricity as an intermediate step in extraction of hydrogen.
