11. Consider the following statements regarding the applications of Castor Oil:
- Castor Cake, due to its higher protein content, is commonly used as livestock feed.
- Castor Oil is considered a potential source for producing high-quality biodiesel.
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
[B] Only 2 is correct
[C] Only 1 is correct
[D] Both 1 and 2 are correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Neither 1 nor 2 is correct]
Notes:
Castor Cake is not suitable as livestock feed due to toxins like ricin and ricinine, making Statement 1 incorrect. While Castor Oil has characteristics of a biodiesel source, its high viscosity below 50°C and hygroscopic nature limit its practical use, making Statement 2 incorrect as well. Therefore, neither statement is correct.
12. Consider the following calcium-related abnormalities:
- Hypercalcaemia
- Hypercalciuria
- Hypocalcaemia
Which of the above are directly related to the endocrine system of the human body?
[A] Only 1 and 3
[B] Only 1
[C] Only 1 and 2
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 and 3]
Notes:
Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia are both governed by endocrine mechanisms, particularly involving the parathyroid gland and its hormone (PTH), which regulate blood calcium. Hypercalciuria, by contrast, is typically due to renal or dietary causes rather than an endocrine disorder. Thus, only hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia are directly related to the endocrine system.
13. Consider the following glands:
- Pancreas
- Pituitary Gland
- Hypothalamus
Which of the above are endocrine glands?
[A] 1 & 2 Only
[B] 3 Only
[C] 1, 2 & 3
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Endocrine glands secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalalamus and adrenal glands.
14. Consider the following diseases:
- Hepatitis-A
- Tuberculosis
- Poliomyelitis
Which of the above are viral diseases?
[A] Only 1 and 3
[B] Only 1 and 2
[C] Only 2 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 and 3]
Notes:
Hepatitis-A is caused by the Hepatitis A virus, and Poliomyelitis is caused by the poliovirus—both are viral diseases. Tuberculosis, however, is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and not by a virus. Therefore, only Hepatitis-A and Poliomyelitis are viral diseases.
15. Which of the following can cause Encephalitis?
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Fungi
Select the correct option from codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Encephalitis may be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Commonly, viral infections are the leading cause, but several bacterial and fungal infections can also lead to inflammation of the brain tissue, resulting in encephalitis. Therefore, all the agents listed can be causative factors.
16. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Rare Diseases?
- A rare disease is also referred to as an orphan disease.
- The Government has announced weekly financial assistance for rare diseases.
- Orphan drugs have a very low price and are widely available.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 2
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
Statement 1 is correct: Rare diseases are also called orphan diseases. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Government provides one-time financial assistance, not weekly. Statement 3 is incorrect: Orphan drugs are often expensive and not widely available due to limited demand and high research costs.
17. Consider the following statements:
- The commonly found green algae Spirogyra and Ulothrix are present in both freshwater ponds and oceans.
- The chameleon can look ahead with one eye, and at the same time look behind with another eye.
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Both 1 and 2
[C] Only 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 2]
Notes:
Spirogyra and Ulothrix are freshwater green algae and are not found in oceans; they are not blue-green algae either. The chameleon possesses highly mobile, independently moving eyes enabling it to look in different directions—forward with one eye and backward with the other—simultaneously.
18. Consider the following statements:
- During osmosis, the solvent moves from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane.
- In reverse osmosis, external pressure is applied to the concentrated solution to reverse the natural flow of solvent.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2]
Notes:
Osmosis is the movement of solvent from a region of lower solute concentration (dilute solution) to higher solute concentration (concentrated solution) via a semipermeable membrane. In reverse osmosis, an external pressure is applied to the concentrated side, forcing solvent from concentrated to dilute side, effectively reversing the natural osmosis process.
19. Which of the following nutrients are commonly supplied to plants by fertilizers?
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Potassium
- Oxygen
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 1, 2 and 3
[C] 1, 2, 3 and 4
[D] Only 2, 3 and 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1, 2 and 3]
Notes:
Fertilizers provide essential macronutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium to plants. These three, often referred to as NPK, are primary components in most fertilizers. Oxygen is not supplied via fertilizers as plants obtain it directly from air and water through natural processes.
20. Which of the following contributed new theories on human anatomy?
- Vesalius
- Harvey
- Petrarch
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 & 2]
Notes:
Vesalius is noted for founding modern human anatomy, and Harvey discovered the circulation of blood in the human body. Petrarch was a Renaissance scholar and poet with no known contributions to human anatomy. Therefore, only Vesalius and Harvey provided new theories in this field.
