Indian Economy MCQs

Notes:
U.S. corn-soybean farmers overapplied 3.5-5.8 million metric tons of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. Over 50% of the country’s nitrogen fertilizer is used for corn production. In 2022, the U.S. consumed around 14,900 thousand metric tons of nitrogen fertilizer, compared to about 6,500 for phosphate and 4,600 for potassium chloride. Nitrogen usage remains significantly higher than the other elements.

Notes:
India produced 25.683 million metric tonnes of pulses in 2024-25, the highest globally. Canada’s combined dry pea, lentil, and chickpea output in 2025 is forecast below 5 million metric tonnes. Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra are India’s leading states for pulses production. India’s annual pulses output is projected to reach 35 million metric tonnes by 2030-31.

Notes:
Project CHAMAN was launched in September 2014. It uses geoinformatics for assessment of horticulture crops. The project surveys seven main crops: potato, onion, tomato, chilli, mango, banana, and citrus. The survey began in 12 states and expanded to 15 states in its second phase. Project CHAMAN is distinct from FASAL, which estimates field crops such as rice and wheat.

Notes:
The Indian food processing industry accounts for about 32% of the total Indian food market. The sector contributes 7.7% to manufacturing output and employs over 7 million people. As of FY2024, the sector’s value is 354.5 billion and is projected to reach 535 billion by FY2026.

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The Green Revolution in India is the period of time when agriculture was improved. It is mainly due to the adoption of modern methods and technology like high yielding variety seeds (HYV seeds) and Usage of artificial fertilizers.

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In the category B of industries, the state i.e the Public sector can establish new units. But the private sector was not denied to set up or expand existing units e.g. chemical industries, fertilizer, synthetic, rubber, aluminum, etc.

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India allows 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) under the automatic route for medical devices manufacturing, including brownfield projects. This provision is distinct from pharmaceuticals, where brownfield FDI is capped at 74% automatically. Government policy for medical devices was clarified in 2015 and further updated by DPIIT notifications. The 100% FDI applies equally to greenfield and brownfield projects.

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Germany exported pharmaceuticals worth $115 billion according to latest trade data. Germany leads global pharmaceutical exports, followed by Switzerland, Ireland, and the United States. Eurostat reported Germany’s extra-EU exports at €62 billion in 2023. Leading pharmaceutical companies headquartered in Germany include Bayer and Merck KGaA. The German pharmaceutical market is among the largest in Europe by both production and exports.

Notes:
Brazil produced approximately 752 million tons of sugarcane in 2022, making it the largest producer worldwide. The south-central region of Brazil accounts for more than 90% of national production. India, the second-largest producer, harvested about 405 million tons. Brazil is the leading exporter of sugar, exporting over 36 million metric tons in the 2023/24 marketing year.

Notes:
Commercial paper issuers in India must obtain a current credit rating of at least A3 or equivalent from SEBI-registered agencies. RBI regulates commercial papers with required maturities between 7 days and 1 year. Ratings can be obtained from agencies like ICRA, CRISIL, CARE, or FITCH. The credit rating must be valid at the time of issuance and throughout the tenure of the instrument.