Indian Economy MCQs

Notes:
India annually consumes approximately 349.97 million cubic meters of fuelwood. Indonesia follows at a distant second with around 149.48 million cubic meters. Large rural populations in India rely on fuelwood for cooking and heating. Household consumption constitutes the bulk of this usage. Both forest-sourced and non-forest wood resources contribute to India’s total fuelwood consumption. Agroforestry and trees outside forests provide a substantial part of supply.

Notes:
India’s Green Revolution began in the 1960s with high-yielding wheat varieties introduced mainly in Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh. Wheat production increased from 11 million tonnes in 1960-61 to over 50 million tonnes by 1990. The HYV wheat seeds were developed by Norman Borlaug and M.S. Swaminathan. The focus was wheat and later rice, not pulses or oilseeds.

Notes:
China generated over 12 million metric tons of electronic waste in 2022. China is the leading global manufacturer and consumer of electronics. The Global E-waste Monitor 2024 classifies China as the largest e-waste producer, followed by the USA, India, Japan, and Brazil. China banned imports of foreign e-waste in 2018 through government notification.

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The west coast has traditionally had higher fishing potential because Arabian Sea upwelling raises nutrient levels, supporting rich fish stocks. It is also known for commercially valuable species and higher catch per unit area than the east coast. Cyclones do not improve fishing potential; they generally disrupt fishing activity and sea conditions.

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Under the revised MSME classification effective from 1 April 2025, a medium enterprise can have investment up to Rs. 125 crore and annual turnover up to Rs. 500 crore. This replaced the earlier limit of Rs. 250 crore for turnover under the 2020 classification.

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Maharashtra is the largest cement consuming state in India. Urbanization and infrastructure projects like the Mumbai-Ahmedabad Bullet Train corridor drive high cement demand in Maharashtra. The state is a major market for the Indian cement industry. India’s total cement production touched 453 million tonnes in FY2025 with Maharashtra accounting for a significant share of consumption due to large-scale construction and real estate development.

Notes:
Coal India Limited produced about 781.07 million tonnes of coal in FY 2024-25 out of India’s total coal production of 1047.67 million tonnes. Coal India Limited is headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal. The company contributes approximately 80% to India’s overall coal output and is the world’s largest coal-producing corporation. It was founded in 1975.

Notes:
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) was launched in 2015 to support affordable housing in cities. The mission period has been extended for completion of sanctioned and under-construction houses, and the revised deadline is September 30, 2026. The government has also launched PMAY-U 2.0 from September 1, 2024 for urban housing support under a revamped framework. Hence, the correct option is the one stating the September 30, 2026 deadline.

Notes:
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 seeks to protect home-buyers as well as help boost investments in the real estate industry. The Act establishes a Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) in each state for regulation of the real estate sector and also acts as an adjudicating body for speedy dispute resolution. The act came into force on 1 May 2016.

Notes:
Sugarcane in India is cultivated in both Kharif and Rabi seasons depending on regional climate. Major planting months are October to March in northern states and September to October or January to February in southern states. Sugarcane requires a warm humid environment with 21-27°C temperature and 75-150 cm rainfall. The crop duration is 10-18 months, allowing flexible sowing and harvesting across seasons and regions.