Indian Economy MCQs

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GM crops are the Genetically modified crops that involve mutation, insertion, and deletion of Genes. Genetic material(DNA) in the original seed is altered or artificially introduced using genetic engineering techniques.

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Nostoc and Azospirillium are the organisms that are used as bio fertilizers. Nostoc is a blue green algae while Azospirillium is aerobic free-living nitrogen fixers which live in associative symbiosis.

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Mohr (Indian Mustard), Peeli Sarson (Yellow Sarson), Toria, and Brown Sarson are cultivated types of mustard in India. Mohr is Brassica juncea, Peeli Sarson is Brassica campestris, and Toria and Brown Sarson are rapeseed cultivars of Brassica campestris. These four types are part of the eight rapeseed-mustard species commonly grown in India.

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The Government of India announced in October 2025 an MSP increase of ₹600 per quintal for safflower for Rabi Marketing Season 2026-27. Masur’s MSP increased by ₹300 per quintal. The MSP for rapeseed & mustard, gram, barley, and wheat received lower increases. Minimum Support Price policies are announced before each Rabi and Kharif season for major crops.

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As of 2022-23, wells and tubewells account for about 63% of India’s irrigated area. In 1950-51, wells and tubewells contributed about 29% and canals 40%. The total area irrigated by wells and tubewells reached around 39 million hectares, which is about 67% of total irrigated area in India. Groundwater-based irrigation through wells and tubewells exceeds other types.

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According to the 20th Livestock Census released in 2019, Uttar Pradesh had the highest buffalo population among all Indian states. The census recorded more than 30 million buffaloes in Uttar Pradesh. The 20th Livestock Census provides the latest comprehensive livestock data at state and national levels, with the next cycle scheduled in 2024.

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The Blue revolution was launched in 1895-90. The following are the components:
1. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) and its activities
2. Strengthening of Database & Geographical Information System of the Fisheries Sector
3. Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture
4. National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen
5. Development of Marine Fisheries, Infrastructure and Post-Harvest Operations
6. Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) and other need-based Interventions
7. Institutional Arrangement for the Fisheries Sector

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UltraTech Cement Ltd. is India’s largest cement manufacturer with a domestic capacity of approximately 188.8 Million Tonnes Per Annum as of 2024. It operates 34 integrated manufacturing units and 34 grinding units. UltraTech acquired India Cements in December 2024 and Kesoram Industries’ cement business in February 2025. The company’s capacity expansion target is 200 Million Tonnes Per Annum by 2027.

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NOCIL Limited was incorporated in 1961 and became India’s largest rubber chemicals manufacturer. It focuses on rubber chemical products such as accelerators, anti-degradants, and other specialty chemicals. The company operates manufacturing units in Navi Mumbai and Dahej. NOCIL is part of the Arvind Mafatlal Group. It divested its petrochemicals business around 2004 and focuses primarily on rubber chemicals.

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Industrial machinery accounted for the largest share of India’s engineering exports in 2023-24. The sector covers machinery for dairy, agriculture, food processing, paper, chemicals, and textiles. Cumulative engineering exports reached US$79.74 billion during April-November 2023. Engineering exports overall saw positive growth in 27 of 34 categories, with industrial machinery being the leading contributor.