Edward Teller (1908–2003) was a Hungarian-born American theoretical physicist best known for his central role in the development of nuclear weapons, particularly the hydrogen bomb. A controversial and...
Stanisław Ulam (1909–1984) was a Polish-born American mathematician whose work had a profound influence on twentieth-century mathematics, physics, and computing. He is best known for co-developing the Teller–Ulam...
Jonas Salk (1914–1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist best known for developing the first successful polio vaccine. His work transformed global public health and stands as...
Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) was a German physician and scientist whose pioneering work laid the foundations of modern immunology, haematology, and chemotherapy. He is best remembered for formulating the...
Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012) was an Italian neurobiologist whose discovery of nerve growth factor fundamentally transformed the understanding of nervous system development and cellular communication. Her work established key...
Baruch Blumberg (1925–2011) was an American physician, geneticist, and biomedical scientist best known for the discovery of the hepatitis B virus and the subsequent development of the first...
Selman Waksman (1888–1973) was a Ukrainian-born American microbiologist and biochemist whose research fundamentally transformed the treatment of infectious diseases. He is best known for the discovery of streptomycin,...
Joshua Lederberg (1925–2008) was an American molecular biologist and geneticist whose discoveries transformed the understanding of heredity in microorganisms. He is best known for demonstrating that bacteria can...
François Jacob (1920–2013) was a French molecular biologist whose work fundamentally shaped modern genetics and molecular biology. He is best known for co-discovering the genetic mechanisms that regulate...
Salvador Luria (1912–1991) was an Italian-born American microbiologist and geneticist whose work laid crucial foundations for molecular biology and microbial genetics. He is best known for co-developing the...
