Punjab-Haryana Water Dispute

May 2, 2025

The water-sharing conflict between Punjab and Haryana has escalated sharply, following a recent decision by the Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB). The BBMB ordered the release of 8,500 cusecs of water daily from the Bhakra dam to Haryana, igniting fierce backlash from Punjab. This dispute marks the complexities of water resource management in India, particularly in the context of agricultural needs.

Key Rivers and Agreement

The issue goes back to the 1966 reorganisation of Punjab, when Haryana was carved out as a separate state.
Dispute involves Sutlej and Beas river waters.
As per the 1981 agreement between Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, facilitated by the Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB):
- Total surplus water = 17.17 million acre-feet (MAF).
- Allocated shares:
  - Punjab – 4.22 MAF
  - Haryana – 3.50 MAF
  - Rajasthan – 8.60 MAF

Dispute

The Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB) allocates water from the Sutlej river system. Each state receives a specific share based on historical agreements. Punjab claims that Haryana has exceeded its allocated water usage, raising concerns over equitable distribution.

Recent Developments

On a recent occasion, Haryana requested an increase in its water allocation from 4,000 cusecs to 8,500 cusecs. Punjab’s government responded by asserting that it is already facing a water crisis and cannot spare additional resources. The BBMB’s decision to comply with Haryana’s request has led to accusations of political manipulation and unilateral action.

Impact on Residents

The water crisis has implications for millions of residents in Delhi and surrounding areas. Delhi relies heavily on water from the Bhakra dam, and any disruption could lead to severe shortages. Punjab’s officials warn that their own agricultural needs must be prioritised, especially with the paddy season approaching.

Future Considerations

As the situation develops, both states may need to engage in dialogue to find a sustainable solution. The role of the central government will be crucial in mediating this dispute. Ensuring fair distribution of water resources will be vital for maintaining peace and cooperation between Punjab and Haryana.

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