Defence Procurement Policies and Procedures in India
India’s defence procurement framework seeks to equip the armed forces while strengthening domestic design, manufacturing and sustainment. The Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) sets the rules for capital acquisitions,...
Major Indigenous Defence Technologies and Systems in India
India’s indigenous defence ecosystem spans missiles, aircraft, naval platforms, radars and artillery. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), public-sector manufacturers and private industry contribute to this effort....
Important Types of Unmanned Aerial Systems Used in India
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) combine an aircraft without an onboard pilot with ground control and communications systems. In India, they support military surveillance, reconnaissance, strike and logistics, as...
Audit and Accountability Frameworks for Cooperatives in India
Cooperative audit frameworks support financial transparency, protect members’ funds and strengthen governance. For multi-state cooperative societies, the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act and the 2026 Auditor’s Report Order provide...
Key Institutions Regulating Cooperative Societies in India
Cooperative societies operate across sectors such as agriculture, credit, housing and consumer goods, under a regulatory framework shared by the Union and state governments. Different laws and institutions...
High Seas Governance and the Law of the Sea
High seas governance is the international legal and institutional framework for activities in ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction. UNCLOS sets out maritime zones, state rights and duties, and...
Important Rock Art and Petroglyph Heritage Sites in India
India’s rock art ranges from engravings on river stones and open rock surfaces to paintings in natural shelters. These sites preserve evidence of artistic expression, human activity and...
Border Roads Organisation and Major Border Roads in India
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) develops and maintains strategic road infrastructure in India’s border regions and friendly neighbouring countries. Its work supports military mobility, connects remote communities and...
UPSC Prelims 2027 CGS Test-9
1. Consider the following pairs of space missions and their descriptions: PLATO: Aims to identify Earth-sized planets orbiting Sun-like stars Ariel: Conducts chemical surveys of transiting exoplanet atmospheres...
Pakistan Tests Extended-Range Fatah-II Missile
Pakistan test-launched an extended-range version of its Fatah-II missile on 13 October 2026. The missile has a stated range of up to 400 kilometres. The launch was attended...
Mining Project Threatens Jeypore Ground Gecko Habitat
A proposed opencast bauxite mine by Kalinga Alumina Ltd, an Adani-linked group, is planned across 147 hectares of forest in the Nageswari reserve forest, Koraput district, Odisha. The...
