New Mushroom Species Discovered In Indian Himalayas

Researchers studying the temperate forests of the Indian Himalayas have identified a previously unknown species of mushroom, marking the first official record of its genus in India. The discovery highlights the rich but underexplored fungal diversity of Himalayan ecosystems and adds a new dimension to India’s documented biodiversity.

Discovery In Uttarakhand’s High-Altitude Forests

The new species, named “Hemileccinum indicum”, was discovered in oak-dominated forests of the Uttarakhand’s Bageshwar district. Specimens were collected from the Dhakuri region at elevations exceeding 2,600 metres during macrofungal forays conducted in the monsoon seasons of 2022 and 2023. These targeted surveys focus on locating large, visible fungi during peak growth periods.

International Research Collaboration

The study was carried out by scientists from the Botanical Survey of India, the University of Torino, and St. Xavier’s College, Jharkhand. Led by mycologist Kanad Das, the team initially noted similarities with related species found in North America and China, prompting detailed genetic and microscopic investigations.

Genetic Proof Of A New Species

To confirm its uniqueness, researchers conducted multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis, comparing DNA sequences with global mushroom databases. The results showed that while the species is closely related to a Florida-based counterpart, it carries a distinct genetic signature. This also represents the first documented occurrence of the genus “Hemileccinum” in India, significantly extending its known geographical range.

Important Facts for Exams

• Bageshwar district lies in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.
• Macrofungal forays are systematic field surveys for large fungi.
• Molecular phylogenetics uses DNA to study evolutionary relationships.
• First records of genera expand a country’s known biodiversity.

Ecological And Scientific Significance

“Hemileccinum indicum” is a bolete mushroom, characterised by pores instead of gills beneath its cap. Ecologically, it is ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic associations with oak roots that aid nutrient exchange and forest health. Its identification underscores the ecological importance of Himalayan forests and the need for continued biodiversity research in high-altitude regions.