One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotiba Phule, who...
There were a number of religious-revivalist and even religious-reform movements launched by the Muslim reformers. However, these were less powerful and lacked national standings. Some notable are as...
In the 19th century the emancipation of women became a matter of prime concern for the socio-religious reformers. Individual Activists Raja Ram Mohan Roy campaigned for abolition of...
Important Sikh Movements of 19th century are discussed briefly below. The Nirankari Movement This movement, initially an offshoot of Sikhism, was founded in the 1840s by Baba Dayal...
The Satyashodhak Samaj later on turned out to be socially and politically divisive and loyalist, when the Maharaja (Shahu) of Kolhapur, who was having problems with his Brahman...
In the Travancore State Namboodiris and non-Malayali Brahmans occupied privileged positions in the State administration, with the Namboodiris enjoying big tax-free jemi estates. A number of modern Malayali...
The Aravipuram movement was of far-reaching importance in South India. Inspired by its success, a number of socio-religious reform movements were launched in the South. The Temple Entry...
Aravipuram Movement was launched by Sri Narayana Guru on Shivaratri day of 1888. On that day, Sri Narayana Guru defied the religious restrictions traditionally placed on the Ezhava...
The Western-educated progressive Parsis like Dadabhai Naoroji, J.B. Wacha, S.S. Bangali and Naoroji Furdonji founded the Rahanumai Mazdayasanan Sabha (Religious Reform Association) in 1851. The association had for...
Gopal Hari Desmukh (1823-92), popularly known as “Lokahitawadi”, was a product of the Western learning in India. He was a judge and a member of the Governor-General’s Council...
