Mizoram Achieves Full Functional Literacy
Mizoram has recently been declared the first state in India to achieve full functional literacy. This announcement comes 34 years after Kerala was recognised as a fully literate state. The definitions and criteria for declaring full literacy have evolved, reflecting changing educational frameworks and societal needs.
Functional Literacy Defined
Functional literacy refers to the ability to read and write with understanding in any language. This definition was very important when Kerala was declared fully literate in 1991. The National Literacy Mission established a benchmark of 90% literacy for such declarations.
Mizoram’s Literacy Journey
Mizoram’s declaration is based on the ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram, part of the New India Literacy Programme initiated in 2022. The state surpassed others in literacy rates, achieving 98.4% among individuals aged five and above, according to the 2022 Periodic Labour Force Survey.
Comparison with Kerala
Kerala was previously the most literate state with a literacy rate of 93.91% in 2011. However, by 2022, Mizoram’s literacy rate had increased , while Kerala’s rate dropped to 91.7%. This shift marks the dynamic nature of literacy achievements across states.
Components of the New India Literacy Programme
The New India Literacy Programme includes foundational literacy and numeracy, critical life skills, vocational skills development, basic education, and continuing education. Mizoram’s focus primarily targeted the 15–35 age group, identifying non-literates through a door-to-door survey.
Community Involvement in Mizoram
The success of Mizoram’s literacy programme was facilitated by volunteer teachers, including students and educators. A total of 290 volunteers actively participated in teaching and learning initiatives, demonstrating community commitment to literacy.
Kerala’s Shift Towards Broader Literacy Concepts
In response to evolving societal needs, Kerala is redefining literacy to encompass digital knowledge and awareness of civic rights. The state is focusing on achieving full digital literacy alongside traditional literacy, reflecting the demands of the modern age.
Challenges
Both states acknowledge the challenges in maintaining high literacy rates. Kerala’s influx of transient populations complicates its efforts. Continuous adaptations and efforts are necessary to ensure that literacy is sustained and evolves with societal changes.
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