Mango Production Trends Amid Climate Change Challenges

Mangoes, a beloved fruit in India, face challenges due to rising temperatures. Reports indicate a decline in harvest quality and changes in flowering patterns. The India Meteorological Department’s Annual Climate Survey of 2024 brought into light temperature increase, marking 2024 as the warmest year since 1901. This warming trend raises concerns about the future of mango production.

Temperature Trends

Recent data shows that the average land surface air temperature in India rose by 0.65°C above the 1991-2020 average in 2024. The last twelve years have consistently been warmer, contradicting historical temperature fluctuations. This rise in temperature may be linked to the observed changes in mango productivity and quality.

Mango Productivity Statistics

Despite concerns, statistical data from the Horticulture Department indicates a positive trend in mango productivity. Between 2001-02 and 2024-25, productivity fluctuated but is expected to reach 9.4 metric tonnes per hectare in 2024-25. This figure surpasses that of other major mango producers like China and Thailand. Additionally, mango cultivation area increased by 2.34% in 2023-24, indicating a growing interest in mango farming.

Effects of Climate on Mango Trees

Higher temperatures can lead to adverse effects on mango trees. Issues such as fruit drop, early maturity, and uneven ripening are reported. Specific varieties, like Alphonso, may experience spongy tissue disorder. The critical stages of budding and pollination are affected by fluctuating weather patterns, impacting overall productivity.

Genetic Diversity and Adaptability

Research marks the importance of genetic diversity in mango trees. Genetic variation allows mango species to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Studies suggest that mangoes possess physiological mechanisms to thrive despite climate challenges. The adaptability of mango species offers hope for sustainable production amid climate change.

Future Prospects for Mango Production

Experts remain cautiously optimistic about the future of mango production. While climate change poses challenges, the inherent genetic diversity of mangoes may provide resilience. Continued research and breeding techniques can enhance adaptability, ensuring that mangoes remain a staple fruit in India.

Month: Current Affairs - May, 2025

Category: Agriculture Current Affairs