Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary

The Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, located in Fig Tree Pocket, Brisbane, Queensland, is recognised as the world’s oldest and largest koala sanctuary. Established in 1927, it began as a small refuge for sick, injured, and orphaned koalas at a time when the species was under severe threat from habitat destruction and hunting for the fur trade. Over the decades, Lone Pine has evolved into a leading conservation and educational facility, housing hundreds of native Australian animals and attracting visitors from around the world.

History and Development

The sanctuary was founded by Claude Reid, a Brisbane local, who began the initiative with only two koalas named Jack and Jill. The name “Lone Pine” was inspired by a single hoop pine tree (Araucaria cunninghamii) that grew on the site, serving as a landmark for river travellers along the Brisbane River. Initially focused solely on koala protection, the sanctuary gradually expanded to include other native species and conservation programmes.
By the mid-20th century, Lone Pine became internationally recognised for its dedication to wildlife care and research. As public attitudes shifted towards animal welfare, the sanctuary adapted its operations to prioritise animal health, enrichment, and naturalistic enclosures. In recent years, the facility has continued to modernise, incorporating sustainable design and scientific collaboration through the Brisbane Koala Science Institute, which operates on the sanctuary grounds.

Location and Accessibility

Lone Pine is situated approximately 12 kilometres southwest of central Brisbane, overlooking the Brisbane River. Its location within a lush riverside landscape makes it an ideal setting for native wildlife. The sanctuary is easily accessible by car, bus, or river cruise. The latter, known as the Koala and River Cruise, is a popular option that allows visitors to travel directly from Brisbane’s South Bank along a scenic stretch of the river.
The site includes walking paths, shaded picnic areas, cafés, souvenir shops, and educational exhibits. Accessibility for visitors with mobility needs is well accommodated, with ramps, rest areas, and wide pathways throughout the sanctuary.

Wildlife and Exhibits

While koalas remain the main attraction, the sanctuary is home to over 70 species of Australian wildlife. Visitors can encounter a wide range of animals in naturalistic habitats, designed to reflect their native ecosystems. Major species groups include:

• Koalas: More than 100 koalas reside in the sanctuary, representing various regional populations. Visitors can observe them feeding, climbing, and resting in eucalypt enclosures.
• Kangaroos and Wallabies: A large open paddock allows visitors to hand-feed and walk among free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos and wallabies.
• Birds: The aviary houses rainbow lorikeets, cockatoos, owls, and birds of prey. Daily lorikeet feeding sessions attract hundreds of colourful birds.
• Reptiles and Amphibians: Species include freshwater crocodiles, pythons, and native lizards.
• Monotremes and Marsupials: The sanctuary exhibits wombats, echidnas, and a platypus, one of the few on public display in Queensland.

Educational displays and live demonstrations, such as the Birds of Prey flight show and sheepdog demonstrations, provide insight into animal behaviour and training.

Conservation and Research

Lone Pine is deeply involved in wildlife conservation, research, and rehabilitation. The Brisbane Koala Science Institute, established in partnership with the sanctuary, conducts studies on koala genetics, disease, and habitat management. Research findings contribute to the broader national effort to conserve koala populations, which face growing threats from deforestation, urban expansion, vehicle strikes, and climate change.
The sanctuary’s conservation efforts also extend to other native species through breeding programmes, habitat restoration, and educational outreach. Its initiatives encourage sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlife and emphasise the importance of environmental stewardship.

Education and Public Engagement

Education has always been central to Lone Pine’s mission. The sanctuary offers school programmes, guided tours, and volunteer opportunities that teach visitors about Australian biodiversity, conservation challenges, and responsible tourism. Informative signage and interactive exhibits throughout the park provide context about animal habitats, diet, and behaviour.
Visitors can participate in behind-the-scenes experiences, including wildlife keeper talks and animal feeding sessions, allowing close observation without disturbing the animals. In keeping with modern welfare standards, the sanctuary discontinued koala-holding experiences in 2024, replacing them with immersive observation and photo opportunities that prioritise animal comfort.

Visitor Experience

Lone Pine provides a relaxed and family-friendly environment designed for both educational and recreational visits. Key features include:

• Wildlife Encounters: Guided sessions with koalas, dingoes, and reptiles led by trained handlers.
• Picnic and Café Facilities: Shaded seating and a café serving local produce and refreshments.
• Eco-friendly Initiatives: Waste reduction, energy-efficient systems, and on-site composting reflect the sanctuary’s commitment to sustainability.

A typical visit lasts around three to four hours, though many guests stay longer to attend scheduled shows and feedings. The sanctuary’s location along the Brisbane River also makes it a popular stop for eco-tourism and educational excursions.

Animal Welfare and Ethical Standards

Lone Pine operates under strict welfare regulations guided by Queensland’s animal care laws and industry best practices. All animals are housed in environments that allow natural behaviours, such as climbing, digging, and social interaction. Nutrition, veterinary care, and environmental enrichment are integral to the sanctuary’s daily operations.
The shift away from physical interactions, such as koala holding, reflects a broader ethical transition in wildlife tourism. The sanctuary now focuses on non-contact experiences, enabling visitors to engage with wildlife responsibly while learning about conservation.

Significance and Legacy

For nearly a century, Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary has served as both a symbol of Australian wildlife heritage and a model for responsible animal management. Its role extends beyond tourism; it has been instrumental in shaping public awareness about wildlife conservation and the ecological importance of native species.
Generations of visitors, including dignitaries and international tourists, have contributed to its enduring reputation as a leader in wildlife care. The sanctuary’s longevity and global recognition underscore its influence in promoting respect for nature and sustainable environmental practices.