Karnataka’s Hate Speech Bill 2025 Tabled in Assembly

Karnataka has introduced a comprehensive legislative proposal to curb rising incidents of hate speech and hate crimes, presenting the Karnataka Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2025 in the state assembly. The Bill outlines broad definitions, strict penalties, and new regulatory powers, while raising public concerns about whether private conversations fall within its scope.

Key Definitions and Scope

The Bill defines hate speech as any expression made, published, or circulated through spoken or written words, signs, visible representations, or electronic communication that is made in public view with intent to incite disharmony or hatred against individuals or groups. The repeated reference to “public view” limits its applicability and indicates that private, one-to-one exchanges may not be covered.

Protected Characteristics and Prejudicial Interest

The legislation lists several characteristics that qualify as grounds for prejudice, including religion, race, caste, sex, gender, sexual orientation, place of birth, residence, language, disability, and tribe. Any expression promoting ill-will on these grounds may fall under the definition of a hate crime if communicated publicly.

Penalties, Liability and Compensation

Offences under the proposed law are cognisable and non-bailable. A first conviction may result in imprisonment ranging from one to seven years and a fine of Rs 50,000. Repeat offences attract imprisonment of two to ten years and a fine of Rs 1,00,000. Courts may award compensation to victims, and individuals responsible for managing organisations can also be held liable for offences committed by those entities.

Exam Oriented Facts

• Hate speech under the Bill must be “in public view” to qualify as an offence.
• First-time offenders face one to seven years’ imprisonment and a Rs 50,000 fine.
• Offences are classified as cognisable and non-bailable.
• Organisational heads may be held liable for acts committed by the organisation.

Regulatory Powers for Removal of Hate Content

The Bill authorises the State Government to appoint a Designated Officer empowered to direct intermediaries and service providers to block or remove hate material. Exceptions apply to works deemed for public good, including those related to science, literature, art, learning, heritage, or religion, ensuring that legitimate expression remains protected under the law.