Israel Recognises Somaliland as Independent State

Israel has formally recognised the Republic of Somaliland as an independent state, becoming the first country to do so more than three decades after the region declared separation from Somalia. The move marks a significant geopolitical development in the Horn of Africa and represents a historic shift in Israel’s diplomatic engagement with unrecognised or partially recognised states.

Formal Recognition Agreement

According to official sources, the recognition declaration was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar on behalf of Israel. Somaliland President Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi signed the declaration for Somaliland. Netanyahu described the development as “seminal and historic”, signalling the beginning of formal bilateral relations between the two sides.

Somaliland’s Long Quest for Recognition

Somaliland briefly attained independence in 1960 and was recognised at the time by Israel and 34 other countries before voluntarily uniting with Somalia. Following the collapse of Somalia’s central government, Somaliland declared independence again in 1991. Despite maintaining political stability, democratic institutions, and effective governance, it remained unrecognised internationally until Israel’s announcement. Several countries, including the UK, Ethiopia, Turkey, the UAE, Denmark, Kenya, and Taiwan, have maintained liaison offices without extending formal recognition.

Strategic and Diplomatic Implications

During a phone conversation with President Abdullahi, Netanyahu expressed Israel’s intent to cooperate with Somaliland in economic development, agriculture, and social sectors. He also invited Abdullahi for an official visit to Israel and said he would convey Somaliland’s interest in joining the Abraham Accords to US President Donald Trump. Somaliland’s leadership welcomed the invitation, indicating readiness to deepen diplomatic ties.

Imporatnt Facts for Exams

• Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in 1991.
• Israel is the first country to officially recognise Somaliland.
• Somaliland has functioned with its own government, currency, and elections.
• The Abraham Accords focus on normalisation between Israel and Arab states.

Embassies and Regional Impact

Foreign Minister Sa’ar confirmed that embassies will be opened in both countries and ambassadors appointed. Netanyahu’s office acknowledged the role of Israel’s security and diplomatic establishment, including Mossad Director David Barnea, in facilitating the recognition process. The decision is expected to have broader regional implications, particularly amid ongoing diplomatic shifts in the Middle East and East Africa, and may prompt renewed debate over international recognition norms.