Indian Softshell Turtle Rescue Highlights Illegal Wildlife Trade

In a recent incident, police rescued 16 Indian Softshell turtles in Greater Noida during a routine check, drawing attention to the persistent issue of illegal wildlife trade in India. The species, already under significant threat, is protected under stringent conservation laws, and such rescues underline the urgency of safeguarding aquatic biodiversity.

About Indian Softshell Turtle

The Indian Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia gangetica), also known as the Ganges Softshell turtle, is among the largest freshwater turtle species in the world. It is characterised by a round to oval-shaped, green carapace with a yellow border. The species has a long neck and a distinctive tube-like snout that allows it to breathe while remaining mostly submerged. Its soft, compressed shell enables swift movement, making it an efficient swimmer.

Habitat and Distribution

This species inhabits a variety of freshwater ecosystems, including deep rivers, streams, canals, lakes, and ponds with sandy or muddy bottoms. It prefers turbid waters where it can remain concealed under sand for extended periods. Geographically, the turtle is distributed across Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. In India, it is commonly found in major river basins such as the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, Narmada, and Mahanadi.

Diet and Behaviour

Indian Softshell turtles are omnivorous, feeding on fish, amphibians, molluscs, insects, carrion, and aquatic vegetation. They play an essential ecological role by maintaining aquatic ecosystem balance. The breeding season typically spans from February to April. In certain regions, particularly in Odisha, these turtles are considered sacred and are often protected in temple ponds.

Important Facts for Exams

• Indian Softshell Turtle is scientifically known as Nilssonia gangetica.
• It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
• Protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
• Found in major river basins like Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus.

Threats and Conservation Status

The species faces multiple threats, including habitat destruction, river pollution, agricultural expansion, and illegal poaching for meat and traditional medicine. Its conservation status is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, and it receives the highest level of protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Despite legal safeguards, enforcement challenges and continued demand in illegal markets pose serious risks to its survival.