India Nears On-Orbit Satellite Refuelling Milestone

India is moving closer to achieving a critical space technology milestone as a private satellite, launched aboard an upcoming mission, aims to validate in-orbit fuel transfer under real space conditions. If successful, the experiment would place India on the cusp of becoming only the second country globally to demonstrate on-orbit satellite refuelling.

PSLV-C62 Mission and Ayulsat Launch

The milestone hinges on the launch of OrbitAid’s 25-kg Ayulsat satellite aboard the ISRO’s PSLV-C62 mission from Sriharikota. Scheduled for lift-off from the spaceport near Bengaluru, the mission is part of India’s growing push towards advanced satellite servicing and space sustainability capabilities.

Why On-Orbit Refuelling Matters

On-orbit refuelling is considered a game-changing technology as it can significantly extend the operational life of satellites, reduce space debris, and lower the cost of future missions. So far, only China has publicly claimed to have demonstrated such a capability, though limited technical details have been disclosed. No other major spacefaring nation, including the United States, has officially showcased an in-orbit refuelling demonstration.

OrbitAid’s Incremental Technology Approach

Unlike complex missions involving two spacecraft rendezvousing in orbit, OrbitAid’s first demonstration focuses on fuel transfer within a single satellite. Ayulsat has been designed as a target platform to study how propellants behave in microgravity conditions. According to OrbitAid, the initial refuelling experiment is expected to take place within four hours of launch, offering valuable real-time data on fluid dynamics in space.

Imporatnt Facts for Exams

• On-orbit refuelling extends satellite lifespan and reduces launch costs.
• PSLV is ISRO’s most reliable launch vehicle for low Earth orbit missions.
• China is the only country to have claimed a prior in-orbit refuelling test.
• Microgravity significantly alters fluid behaviour compared to Earth.

Strategic Implications for India’s Space Sector

The success of Ayulsat would strengthen India’s position in the global space services market and highlight the growing role of private startups alongside ISRO. It also aligns with India’s long-term goals of satellite servicing, debris mitigation, and commercial space leadership, marking a crucial step in the evolution of the country’s space ecosystem.