India Contributes Significantly to Global Maternal Deaths

India continues to account for a substantial share of global maternal deaths, according to a recent study published in a leading medical journal. Despite notable progress over the past decades, the pace of improvement has slowed after 2015. The findings highlight both achievements and persistent gaps in maternal healthcare across the country.

Global and national burden of maternal deaths

In 2023, an estimated 2.4 lakh women died worldwide due to pregnancy and childbirth-related causes. India alone accounted for around 24,700 of these deaths, placing it among the highest-burden countries alongside Nigeria, Pakistan and Ethiopia. While this reflects India’s large population, it also underscores ongoing challenges in maternal health.

Progress over decades but slowing gains

India has made significant strides in reducing maternal mortality since 1990. Deaths declined from nearly 1.19 lakh in 1990 to about 36,900 in 2015, and further to 24,700 in 2023. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) also dropped from 508 to 116 per one lakh live births over the same period. However, the sharpest improvements occurred between 2000 and 2015, with progress slowing thereafter.

Causes and regional disparities

The study notes that most maternal deaths in India are due to preventable causes such as haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, infections and complications from pre-existing conditions. Significant regional disparities persist, with states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu nearing global targets, while Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh continue to report higher mortality rates. Gaps in healthcare access, delays in treatment and uneven quality of services remain key issues.

Important Facts for Exams

• Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is deaths per 1 lakh live births.
• India’s MMR declined from 508 (1990) to 116 (2023).
• Global SDG target for MMR is below 70.
• Major causes include haemorrhage, hypertension and infections.

Need for renewed policy focus

Experts emphasise that sustaining progress will require strengthening public health systems, improving quality of care and targeting high-risk populations. The Covid-19 pandemic also disrupted maternal health services, contributing to setbacks. Without renewed efforts, India and many other countries may struggle to meet the global target of reducing maternal mortality by 2030.