Indelible Ink Controversy in Maharashtra Civic Elections

The purple mark on a voter’s finger has long symbolised the integrity of elections in India. Known as indelible ink, it is intended to prevent multiple voting. During recent municipal corporation elections in Maharashtra, this routine safeguard has sparked controversy, with Opposition parties alleging that the ink is easily coming off, raising concerns about possible electoral malpractice.

What Is Indelible Ink and Why Is It Used?

Indelible ink is applied to a voter’s finger immediately after casting a vote. Its sole purpose is to indicate that a person has already voted and cannot do so again. The mark is designed to remain visible for several days and should not be removable through ordinary washing. It acts as a simple but effective deterrent against impersonation and repeat voting.

History and Composition of the Ink

India began using indelible ink during the 1962 general elections, following a decision by the Election Commission of India to curb electoral fraud. The ink contains silver nitrate, a chemical that reacts with the skin and exposure to light to produce a dark stain. This stain fades only as the outer layer of skin naturally wears off. A visible dye is added to ensure immediate identification.

Manufacture and Application Process

The formula for India’s indelible ink was developed in the early 1950s by the National Physical Laboratory of India. It is manufactured exclusively by Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd, a Karnataka government undertaking, under contract with the Election Commission and the Union Ministry of Law and Justice. The ink is applied on the left index finger, usually across the nail and cuticle. It may be brushed on or dispensed through marker pens. Officials are instructed to apply it only after voting is completed.

Imporatnt Facts for Exams

• Indelible ink has been used in Indian elections since 1962.
• Silver nitrate is the key chemical component responsible for the lasting stain.
• The ink is manufactured exclusively by Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd.
• The mark on the nail can last up to four weeks under normal conditions.

Maharashtra Controversy and Official Response

During the Maharashtra municipal polls, videos circulated on social media showing ink marks allegedly being removed using sanitiser or nail polish remover, particularly where marker pens were used. This led to sharp political reactions, with Maharashtra Navnirman Sena chief Raj Thackeray accusing authorities of diluting safeguards. Election officials, including State Election Commissioner Dinesh Waghmare, have countered that multiple verification layers prevent repeat voting and noted that marker pens have been permitted in local body elections since 2011.