DST Institute Develops Novel Biosurfactant from Ghee

An institute under India’s Department of Science and Technology (DST) in North East India has synthesised a novel biosurfactant using natural substances, offering a potential alternative to synthetic surfactants widely used in cosmetics and medicines. The compound demonstrates promising antibacterial and cleansing properties, particularly against skin pathogens.

The breakthrough was achieved by researchers at the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), led by Director Prof. Ashis K. Mukherjee, along with Prof. M. R. Khan and senior research fellow Anushree Roy.

Innovative Use of Probiotic and Ghee

The team synthesised the biosurfactant using the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum JBC5. Ghee, a lipid-rich dairy product with deep cultural relevance in India, was used as the primary substrate.

Production was optimised through response surface statistical analysis, enabling efficient yield of a lipopeptide biosurfactant. The approach highlights the potential of combining traditional food-based substrates with modern biotechnology.

Antibacterial and Cleansing Properties

Laboratory tests showed that the biosurfactant acts effectively against Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium commonly responsible for skin and wound infections. When blended with commercial face washes, the compound enhanced stain removal efficiency.

The biosurfactant achieved a maximum emulsification index of 60% for edible oils and demonstrated strong surface tension-reducing properties comparable to conventional surfactants. It also showed remarkable stability at temperatures up to 276°C and across varied pH levels.

Need for Bio-Based Alternatives

Surfactants are extensively used as emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants across industries. However, synthetic variants raise concerns over toxicity and poor biodegradability. Bio-based alternatives are increasingly sought to address environmental and health risks.

Important Facts for Exams

• The Department of Science and Technology (DST) functions under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
• Biosurfactants are surface-active substances produced by microorganisms.
• Staphylococcus aureus is associated with skin and wound infections.
• Lipopeptides are compounds consisting of lipid and peptide components.

Path Towards Commercialisation

Researchers are conducting further toxicity assessments and dose standardisation studies. Collaborative industry-led research is also underway to accelerate commercial applications. If successfully scaled, the biosurfactant could replace harmful artificial surfactants in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and other consumer products.