Polity & Governance

B Sector (Assam-Nagaland Border)

B Sector refers to a specific, disputed segment of the Assam-Nagaland inter-state border. The border dispute originated in the 1960s over territorial claims between Assam and Nagaland, leading to multiple violent clashes. The B Sector is strategically important due to its location and mixed population, including migrant communities. It has seen repeated incidents of violence, including arson, shootings, and grenade attacks. The area remains under heightened security due to frequent tensions. Local governance and policing in B Sector are complicated by overlapping claims and jurisdictional ambiguities between Assam and Nagaland authorities.

Why in news?

The B Sector of the Assam-Nagaland border was the site of the October 2, 2025 attack where armed miscreants set fire to houses, intensifying the ongoing border dispute and violence in the region.

Board of Peace

The Board of Peace is an international transitional governing body proposed to oversee Gaza’s reconstruction and governance after conflict resolution. It will supervise a technocratic, apolitical Palestinian committee managing Gaza’s public services. The board will be chaired by Donald Trump and include former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair among other global leaders. It aims to ensure transparency, stability, and international cooperation in Gaza’s rebuilding process. The Board’s formation represents a novel governance model combining local expertise with international oversight to facilitate peace and development.

Why in news?

The Board of Peace is central to the governance structure in Trump’s Gaza peace proposal, tasked with overseeing reconstruction and administration in Gaza under international supervision.

Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)

The Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) are a group of paramilitary forces under India’s Ministry of Home Affairs. They include the Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), and Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB). CAPFs are responsible for internal security, border guarding, counter-insurgency, and maintaining public order. They often coordinate with intelligence agencies and local police to ensure national stability. CAPFs also actively participate in community engagement activities, including those held during Police Commemoration Week, such as rallies, blood donation camps, and educational competitions.

Why in news?

CAPFs organize various commemorative events during Police Commemoration Week, honoring fallen police personnel and promoting public cooperation with law enforcement.

CLAMP Portal

The Coal Land Acquisition, Management, and Payment (CLAMP) Portal is a digital platform designed to streamline land acquisition, compensation, and rehabilitation processes for coal mining projects in India. It acts as a centralized digital repository for land records and integrates workflows from land details submission to compensation payment. The portal enhances transparency, accountability, and reduces procedural delays by enabling inter-agency coordination among coal Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and government bodies. It supports equitable and timely compensation to affected landowners and facilitates efficient management of rehabilitation and resettlement activities, aligning with policy reforms for citizen-centric governance in the coal sector.

Why in news?

Launched alongside the Koyla Shakti Dashboard in October 2025, the CLAMP Portal aims to improve land acquisition processes critical for coal mining expansion and regulatory compliance.

Cognisable Offences

Cognisable offences are crimes where the police have the authority to register a case and start an investigation without prior approval from a magistrate. These include serious crimes such as murder, rape, and robbery. The term is legally defined under the Indian Criminal Procedure Code. Cognisable offences differ from non-cognisable offences, which require magistrate permission before investigation. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) compiles data on cognisable offences annually to assess crime trends. The rate is often expressed as the number of offences per lakh (100,000) population to standardize comparisons across regions and cities.

Why in news?

The NCRB 2023 report brought into light Kolkata as having the lowest rate of cognisable offences per lakh people among major Indian cities, emphasizing its status as the safest city for the fourth consecutive year.

Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)

The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) is India’s premier anti-smuggling agency under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs. Established in 1957, it specializes in combating smuggling of goods, including narcotics, gold, and counterfeit currency. The DRI operates through intelligence gathering, investigation, and enforcement actions across India’s borders and airports. It collaborates with international agencies to tackle cross-border ...