Coal to Ammonium Nitrate Project Planned in Odisha

A leasing agreement has been signed between Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited (BCGCL) and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) for a Coal to Ammonium Nitrate Project at Lakhanpur, Odisha. The project reflects India’s push to utilise domestic coal resources for value-added chemical production, particularly in fertilisers and industrial applications.

What is Ammonium Nitrate?

Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) is a crystalline white solid produced in large industrial quantities. It is formed as a salt of ammonia and nitric acid. Due to its high nitrogen content, it is widely used in agriculture and various industrial processes.

Properties of Ammonium Nitrate

Ammonium nitrate has a melting point of around 170°C and is highly soluble in water. When heated in aqueous solution, it decomposes to produce nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas. Its chemical stability under controlled conditions and high nitrogen composition make it suitable for multiple applications.

Applications in Agriculture and Industry

Ammonium nitrate is extensively used as a high-nitrogen fertiliser, enhancing soil fertility and crop yield. It also serves as a powerful oxidising agent in explosives and is a key ingredient in the manufacture of commercial and slurry explosives, particularly in mining operations.

Important Facts for Exams

• Chemical formula of ammonium nitrate: NH₄NO₃.
• It is a salt formed from ammonia and nitric acid.
• Widely used as fertiliser and in explosives.
• Mixtures with over 45% ammonium nitrate are classified as explosives in India.

Legal Regulations in India

Ammonium nitrate is regulated in India due to its dual-use nature. Under rules introduced in 2012 and updated in 2021, substances containing more than 45% ammonium nitrate are classified as explosives. A District Magistrate can authorise possession of up to 30 metric tonnes, while larger quantities require approval from the Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO). PESO is responsible for licensing the manufacture, storage, transport, and usage of ammonium nitrate to ensure safety and compliance.