Camite: The World War-I chemical agent Georgia is Accused of Using Against Protesters

Fresh allegations have emerged that Georgian authorities deployed a World War-I era chemical agent, Camite, during protests in Tbilisi in 2024. A recent investigation has revived global attention on the little-known compound and its controversial history in riot control.

Allegations surrounding the 2024 Tbilisi protests

A BBC inquiry reported evidence suggesting that water cannons used against demonstrators contained chemicals identified as trichloroethylene and UN3439, a classification that includes bromobenzyl cyanide, commonly known as Camite. Protesters were responding to political unrest after disputed election results and the government’s decision to halt its pursuit of EU membership.

Origins and wartime development of Camite

Camite dates back to the final phase of World War I, when French forces experimented with it as a riot-control and crowd-management agent. It belongs to a family of irritants capable of causing severe respiratory distress and skin reactions. Although intended for non-lethal use, early field experience revealed effects lasting far longer than permissible for temporary incapacitating agents.

Why Camite was discontinued

Authorities abandoned the chemical soon after its deployment because its impact persisted well beyond acceptable limits. International standards stipulate that riot-control agents must produce short-term, reversible symptoms. Reports from modern medical assessments echo earlier concerns, citing prolonged cough, breathing difficulties and skin irritation among those exposed.

Exam Oriented Facts

• Camite is associated with bromobenzyl cyanide under UN3439 classification.
• It was developed and tested by French forces during the final stages of World War I.
• Use was discontinued due to long-lasting respiratory and dermatological effects.
• International law permits only riot-control agents with temporary, reversible impact.

Contemporary concerns and official response

Medical experts analysing Georgian protesters noted symptoms consistent with Camite exposure, and some classified the substance as an “experimental weapon.” Georgian officials have rejected the allegations as unfounded, insisting law-enforcement actions complied with domestic legal frameworks. The controversy continues amid ongoing public demonstrations and deepening political tensions within the country.