Bactrian Camels Make Historic Republic Day Parade Debut

For the first time in India’s history, double-humped Bactrian camels from Ladakh marched down Kartavya Path during the Republic Day Parade. Named Galwan and Nubra, their appearance was more than ceremonial. It highlighted a rare Himalayan species, its strategic value for India, and its deep historical links to the ancient Silk Route.

Ladakh’s Rare Double-Humped Camels

Bactrian camels, locally known as Mundri camels, are native to Ladakh’s cold desert ecosystem. India has only about 365 of these camels, most of them confined to the Nubra Valley. They are uniquely adapted to survive extreme cold, thin air, intense ultraviolet radiation, and sparse vegetation. Temperatures in their habitat can fall below minus 30°C, conditions where mechanical transport often fails.

Biological Adaptations for Extreme Altitudes

These camels are specialised for high-altitude, arid terrain. They can comfortably carry loads of 150 kilograms and traverse 10–12 kilometres daily at altitudes of 14,000–15,000 feet. Their two humps act as fat-based energy reserves, allowing them to survive without food for up to two or three weeks. As the stored fat is used, the humps gradually shrink. Research shows they can endure temperatures as low as minus 40°C and even consume snow to meet hydration needs in winter.

Military Trials and Operational Value

Extensive trials were conducted by the Defence Institute of High Altitude Research under the Defence Research and Development Organisation. Tests at altitudes of around 17,000 feet confirmed that Bactrian camels could carry up to 170 kilograms, outperforming mules and ponies in extreme terrain. Standard operating procedures have since been developed for feeding, health care, breeding, and load management to support their deployment in high-altitude areas.

Important Facts for Exams

• Bactrian camels are double-humped camels adapted to cold deserts.
• India has fewer than 400 Bactrian camels, mainly in Nubra Valley.
• DIHAR functions under DRDO and focuses on high-altitude research.
• Animals are still used in border logistics due to reliability in extreme terrain.

From the Silk Route to Modern Border Strategy

Historically, Bactrian camels were the backbone of the 6,400-kilometre Silk Route, transporting silk, tea, spices, and metals between Central Asia, China, Mongolia, and India. Their presence at the Republic Day Parade symbolised this ancient legacy while underscoring their continued relevance. Along the Line of Actual Control, animals remain silent, non-jammable, and dependable, reinforcing India’s strategy of blending traditional resilience with modern military planning.