Azhikode Thrissur

Azhikode is a coastal village located in the Thrissur district of Kerala, India, forming part of the Kodungallur taluk. Positioned between the towns of Kodungallur and North Paravur, the settlement occupies an important place in the historical and cultural landscape of the region. Known for its extensive shoreline, fishing economy and long-standing maritime connections, Azhikode today remains noted for its scenic setting and its deep association with early Christian traditions in India.

Geographical Setting and Coastal Features

Azhikode lies along the Arabian Sea and includes the well-known Munakkal Beach, which extends for approximately three kilometres. This long beachfront is the principal attraction of the village, drawing visitors for its wide sandy stretches, coastal vegetation and traditional fishing activities. The village’s location at the confluence of inland waterways and coastal routes situates it close to the Periyar–Kottapuram river system, which merges with the sea in the Kodungallur region.
The landscape reflects the village’s maritime identity, with sandy shores, coconut groves and estuarine waters shaping the settlement’s environment and traditional occupations.

Historical Significance and Early Christian Traditions

Azhikode holds a prominent place in Kerala’s ancient maritime history. It was among the early ports that connected the Malabar Coast to global trade networks linking West Asia, the Mediterranean and East Africa. This trading significance is closely tied to long-standing communities such as Jewish settlers, who are believed to have inhabited the region for centuries.
According to Christian tradition in India, Azhikode and the wider Kodungallur area mark the landing site of St Thomas the Apostle in 52 AD. He is said to have arrived at the ancient port of Muziris, a major maritime gateway that later declined following a catastrophic flood in 1341 AD, which altered the course of local rivers and reshaped the coastal terrain.
St Thomas is regarded as establishing the earliest Christian congregations in India, known as the Ezharappallikal or the Seven and Half Churches. These were founded at Kodungallur, Kollam, Niranam, Nilackal (Chayal), Kokkamangalam, Palayoor, North Paravur (Kottakkavu) and Thiruvithancode (the “half church”). The tradition recounts that he travelled initially to Palayoor before moving further south in Kerala to establish additional congregations. Azhikode thus plays a crucial role in the narrative of the origins of Christianity in India.

Cultural Landscape and Local Heritage

The historical presence of diverse communities, including Jews and early Christians, has contributed to the region’s cultural richness. Kodungallur, located only about ten kilometres from Azhikode, is home to the Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple and the Cheraman Juma Masjid, the latter considered one of the earliest mosques in India. These sites reflect centuries of religious coexistence and exchange along the Kerala coast.
Azhikode’s heritage also includes the remnants of its old harbour, which once accommodated vessels engaged in regional and international trade. The harbour area has historically faced challenges due to erosion and repeated exposure to tsunamis and storm surges, contributing to shifts in settlement patterns and infrastructure.

Transportation and Traditional Occupations

The economic foundation of Azhikode continues to be fishing, supported by both traditional and modern practices. The use of Chinese fishing nets, an iconic feature of coastal Kerala, remains common in the region. Traditional wooden boats continue to operate alongside mechanised fishing vessels, preserving long-established maritime skills and cultural identity.
Other notable economic activities include:

• Coconut cultivation, owing to the region’s fertile coastal soils.
• Shrimp farming, which has expanded through the use of brackish-water ponds and inland waterways.
• Tourism, centred on the village’s beaches and its proximity to significant religious and historical sites.

Azhikode Old Harbour and Coastal Developments

The Azhikode Old Harbour, situated where the Periyar–Kottapuram River meets the Arabian Sea, remains a notable waterfront area. Historically an active port, it played a central role in trade before the period of British influence and the subsequent decline of many traditional ports.
The coastline around Azhikode has experienced significant erosion and repeated impacts from tidal surges, yet it continues to support vibrant fishing communities and serves as a focal point of local economic life. Proximity to culturally significant sites and to waterways that once linked major trade routes underscores the continuing historical importance of this coastal settlement.