Appemidi Mango Faces Climate Threat in Aghanashini Valley

The indigenous Appemidi mango, known for its unique flavour and cultural significance, is facing increasing threats due to climate change in Karnataka’s Aghanashini valley. Despite receiving the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2009, experts warn that changing rainfall patterns and rising temperatures are affecting its survival, prompting urgent calls for conservation efforts in its natural habitat.

Padayatra Highlights Declining Tree Health

A group of nearly 30 conservationists conducted a 30-km padayatra from Sarakuli in Siddapur taluk to Unchalli Falls in Sirsi taluk between March 30 and April 1. The field assessment documented reduced fruit yield and declining tree health, with farmers attributing the changes to erratic weather patterns. Observations revealed that tree density remains higher in regions with minimal human interference.

Impact of Changing Rainfall Patterns

Experts highlighted significant variations in rainfall distribution as a key factor affecting Appemidi trees. While earlier patterns ensured consistent “effective rainfall” spread across months, recent years have seen extremes. For instance, heavy rainfall concentrated within short periods reduces soil absorption, affecting plant growth. Such fluctuations, coupled with increasing temperatures, have adversely impacted flowering and fruiting cycles.

Need for In-situ Conservation Strategy

Ecologists stress that in-situ conservation—protecting trees within their natural ecosystem—is crucial for preserving the species. Studies over the past decade indicate that attempts at ex-situ conservation, such as grafting, have yielded limited success. The valley’s unique soil, climate, and ecological interactions are essential for sustaining the genetic diversity of Appemidi mango varieties.

Important Facts for Exams

• Appemidi mango received GI tag in 2009 for its regional uniqueness.
• In-situ conservation refers to protecting species in their natural habitat.
• Aghanashini valley is part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
• Effective rainfall refers to optimally distributed rainfall aiding soil absorption.

Threat to Genetic Diversity and Heritage

Researchers have identified 33 distinct Appemidi accessions, many of which are now under threat. Some traditional varieties have already been lost, while others show declining productivity. Conservationists emphasise that protecting the broader landscape is essential, as commercial cultivation alone cannot preserve this diversity. Efforts are underway to secure biodiversity heritage status for the region to ensure long-term ecological and cultural preservation.