African Union Summit Faces Youth Legitimacy Crisis

The 39th African Union Summit is underway in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, bringing together leaders from across the continent to deliberate on Africa’s future. Established to promote unity and solidarity among African states, the African Union (AU) now faces mounting criticism, particularly from young citizens who question its effectiveness and relevance.

With Africa’s population estimated at 1.4 billion and projected to rise sharply, the summit comes at a time of political instability, economic strain and shifting global alliances.

Growing Youth Discontent

Africa has the world’s youngest population, with over 400 million people aged between 15 and 35. Yet the continent is also home to some of its longest-serving leaders. This contrast has fuelled frustration among young people who perceive the AU as dominated by entrenched political elites.

Analysts argue that the AU has focused more on governments than citizens, missing opportunities to become a people-driven institution. Social media commentary frequently labels it a “bloc of old leaders”, reflecting wider dissatisfaction. With the youth population set to double by 2050, concerns are rising over unemployment, poverty and declining living standards.

Election Controversies and Enforcement Gaps

Recent elections across several African states have exposed weaknesses in the AU’s oversight mechanisms. Allegations of sidelined opposition candidates, internet shutdowns and harassment of critics have led to disputed results and protests, often led by young voters.

In Uganda’s January presidential election, authorities restricted internet access and opposition activities. The AU Commission initially commended the conduct of the poll, drawing backlash. A subsequent observer report highlighted incidents of intimidation and arrests. Experts note that weak enforcement of AU resolutions remains a persistent challenge, partly because member states do not always comply fully or meet financial obligations.

Summit Agenda and Global Shifts

This year’s summit theme centres on water and sanitation, alongside discussions on climate change and humanitarian crises exacerbated by foreign aid reductions. The meeting unfolds amid evolving global alignments and debates over a shifting “new world order”.

AU Commission Chairperson Mahamoud Ali Youssouf emphasised ongoing instability in regions such as Sudan, the Sahel, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and Somalia. He also called for an immediate halt to violence against Palestinians, underscoring Africa’s diplomatic positioning on global conflicts.

Important Facts for Exams

• The African Union was launched in 2002, replacing the Organisation of African Unity.
• Its headquarters are located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
• The AU promotes political and economic integration across 55 member states.
• Africa has the youngest median age among all continents.

Calls for Reform and Accountability

Observers argue that the AU must prioritise accountability, democratic governance and citizen engagement to regain legitimacy. As coups, disputed elections and economic hardships persist, critics urge the organisation to address internal governance challenges while strengthening its responsiveness to Africa’s rapidly growing youth population.