UN Reports Record CO2 Rise in 2024

Greenhouse gas levels reached unprecedented highs in 2024, according to the United Nations. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, and nitrous oxide all set new records. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported the largest annual rise in CO2 since measurements began in 1957. This sharp increase challenges global efforts to limit warming under the Paris Agreement. The 2024 year was also the warmest on record, intensifying concerns about climate feedback loops and the planet’s ability to absorb emissions.

Unprecedented Rise in Greenhouse Gases

In 2024, CO2 concentration soared to 424 parts per million (ppm). This is a 3.5 ppm jump from 2023, the biggest single-year increase ever recorded. Methane levels reached 1,942 parts per billion, while nitrous oxide hit 338 parts per billion. Since pre-industrial times, these gases have increased by 152%, 266%, and 125% respectively. CO2 remains the dominant greenhouse gas, responsible for about two-thirds of the current warming effect.

Causes Behind the Surge

The rise in greenhouse gases stems from multiple sources. Continued fossil fuel burning remains the primary driver. Wildfires have increased CO2 emissions by releasing stored carbon. Simultaneously, natural sinks like forests and oceans are absorbing less CO2. This reduced absorption worsens the accumulation of gases in the atmosphere, creating a dangerous cycle of warming and emissions.

Climate Feedback and Tipping Points

WMO scientists warn of a vicious cycle where warming triggers events that further increase greenhouse gases. For example, rising temperatures cause wildfires and melting permafrost. These release additional CO2 and methane, accelerating climate change. Such feedback loops could push natural systems beyond tipping points, making climate impacts irreversible. Urgent emission reductions are essential to prevent this domino effect.

Methane and Nitrous Oxide’s Role

Methane contributes about 16% of global warming despite its shorter atmospheric lifespan of around 10 years. Agriculture and waste management are major human sources, responsible for 60% of methane emissions. Nitrous oxide accounts for roughly 6% of warming. It mainly arises from increased nitrogen use in farming. Both gases have more potent warming effects per molecule than CO2, making their control critical.

Implications for Global Climate Policy

The record greenhouse gas levels show the gap between current emissions and international climate targets. The Paris Agreement aims to limit warming to well below 2°C and ideally 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The 2024 data show these goals are increasingly out of reach without drastic emission cuts. The upcoming COP30 summit in Brazil will focus on accelerating climate action worldwide.

Climate Science and Public Perception

WMO experts emphasise that climate change is a scientific reality, not a belief system. Despite some scepticism, the data clearly show human activities drive the rising greenhouse gas concentrations. Effective climate policy depends on acknowledging this science and acting swiftly to reduce emissions.