Tianwen-2 Mission
China is set to launch its first mission to survey and sample a near-Earth asteroid this week. The Tianwen-2 mission aims to explore 469219 Kamo‘oalewa, a unique asteroid that orbits the Sun close to Earth. This mission places China among a select group of countries capable of sampling and returning materials from asteroids, joining the ranks of the United States and Japan.
Overview of the Tianwen-2 Mission
The Tianwen-2 mission represents step for China’s space exploration programme. It will investigate Kamo‘oalewa, a quasi-satellite that exhibits unusual orbital characteristics. The mission’s primary goal is to gather samples that could provide vital information about the origins of this asteroid and its potential link to the Moon.
What is Kamo‘oalewa?
Kamo‘oalewa was discovered in 2016 by the Pan-STARRS 1 telescope in Hawaii. It is classified as a quasi-satellite of Earth, meaning it orbits the Sun while being influenced by Earth’s gravity. Kamo‘oalewa has a highly elliptical orbit and has been in its current position for about 100 years, with expectations to remain there for another 300 years.
Scientific Significance of Kamo‘oalewa
The asteroid has attracted attention due to its potential composition and origin. Some scientists speculate that it may be composed of lunar material, possibly ejected from the Moon following a collision. This theory is supported by spectral data indicating similarities to lunar samples collected during the Apollo missions. Understanding Kamo‘oalewa could shed light on the formation of the Moon and the dynamics of quasi-satellites.
Sample Collection Techniques
The Tianwen-2 mission will employ a “touch-and-go” method for sample collection. This involves the spacecraft hovering near the asteroid’s surface while a robotic arm releases a burst of gas to dislodge fragments. Additionally, an “anchor and attach” technique may be used, where robotic arms drill into the asteroid to retrieve material. The collected samples will be returned to Earth for analysis.
Challenges Ahead
Collecting samples from Kamo‘oalewa poses unique challenges. The asteroid’s small size, measuring only 40 to 100 metres in diameter, complicates the collection process. The mission will require advanced technology, including sophisticated cameras and control systems, to navigate the asteroid’s surface effectively.
| Related | |
|---|---|
