Saltwater Crocodile Population Rises In Sundarbans
The 2025 survey by the Forest Department reveals rise in saltwater crocodile numbers in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR). The increase is most notable in the hatchling category, a rare sight in this challenging mangrove terrain. This growth indicates improving conditions for one of the largest reptiles on Earth.
Population Growth Overview
The estimated saltwater crocodile population in SBR ranges from 220 to 242 individuals in 2025. This shows an increase from the 204 to 234 range recorded in 2024. Direct sightings in 2025 counted 213 crocodiles, including 125 adults, 88 juveniles, and 23 hatchlings. This is a marked rise from the previous year’s 71 adults, 41 juveniles, and only 2 hatchlings. The encounter rate stands at one crocodile per 5.5 kilometres of creek.
Survey Methodology
The study covered 1,168 kilometres of creeks, which is 64% of the water channels in SBR. It employed systematic surveys, GPS mapping, and habitat analysis to ensure accurate data collection. These methods helped identify population distribution and habitat preferences of the saltwater crocodiles in the region.
Habitat Preferences
Saltwater crocodiles favour creeks and rivers with high tide widths below 180 metres. They show tolerance to varying water salinity, especially during winter months. However, rising salinity levels could threaten their habitat, reducing suitability and posing risks to their conservation in the Sundarbans.
Ecological Role
As hypercarnivorous apex predators, saltwater crocodiles play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health. They help clean waterways by feeding on carcasses and wild remains, thus contributing to the balance of aquatic life in their habitats.
Conservation Efforts
West Bengal has led crocodile conservation since the 1970s. The Bhagabatpur Crocodile Project, started in 1976, has released 577 crocodiles into the wild by 2022. Such efforts have contributed to the steady population growth observed in recent years. Odisha’s pioneering conservation work also complements these regional efforts.
Climate Change Challenges
The Sundarbans face threats from climate change, including rising salinity and habitat loss. These factors may impact the long-term survival of saltwater crocodiles. Continuous monitoring and adaptive conservation strategies are essential to mitigate these risks.
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