States PCS: Karnataka GK for KPSC and other Karnataka State Exams

Notes:
Afzal Khan was a general of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur Sultanate. His real name was Abdullah Bhatari. He led military campaigns in former Vijayanagara territories, capturing forts such as Sira and Belur. In 1659, he was sent to fight Shivaji but died during a truce meeting at Pratapgad on November 10 or 20, followed by his army’s defeat.

Notes:
The Bahmani Sultanate ruled from Gulbarga (1347-1425) and then Bidar. Sultan Ahmad Shah I Wali moved the capital to Bidar for its strategic location and climate. Bidar became a cultural center with the Mahmud Gawan Madrasa. The rulers promoted Persian culture and architecture, evident in existing monuments.

Notes:
The Bahamani kingdom had an organized administrative system divided into four provinces, each led by a Tarafdar (Subedar) responsible for law, taxes, and local governance. They used an “iqta” system for revenue collection, assigning land to officials as salaries. The capital shifted from Gulbarga to Bidar, a cultural center for Persian art and literature. The rulers contributed architecturally, notably with the Gol Gumbaz.

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Hussain Nizam Shah I was succeeded by his son named Murtuza I. During the rule Murtuza I, the alliance with Bijapur and Golconda was broken and Berar was annexed to Ahmednagar in 1574 CE.

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Ismail Adil Shah ascended the throne after the death of his father Yusuf Adil Shah as the king of Bijapur as a minor. He was the king of Bijapur who spent most of his time extending his territory.

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Shri Jagadguru Fakireshwar Math, established during the Adil Shahi rule about four centuries ago, is situated in Shirahatti village of Gadag district. The math is a heritage structure that depicts the harmony between Hindus and Muslims.

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After the death of Ibrahim Adil Shah II, Mohammed Adil Shah became the seventh ruler of Bijapur, ascending the throne in 1627. He was the second son of Ibrahim Adil Shah II.

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Muhammad Adil Shah ascended the throne after the death of his father Ibrahim Adil Shah II. During his reign, the Emperor Shah Jahan sent the Mughal army to attack Bijapur in 1631 CE.

Notes:
In 1631 CE, Shah Jahan’s Mughal army attacked Bijapur but was repulsed by Muhammad Adil Shah with Ahmednagar’s help. In 1636 CE, Aurangzeb’s campaign forced Adil Shah to sign a treaty, allowing Bijapur internal autonomy but requiring tribute and Mughal recognition. This treaty also led to cultural exchanges, introducing Mughal architectural styles in Bijapur, seen in the Gol Gumbaz.

Notes:
After the death of the Sultan of Bijapur, Muhammad Adil Shah in 1656 CE due to prolonged illness, he was buried in the Gol Gumbaz, near the tomb of his spiritual teacher Hashimpeer Dastageer.