1. Which of the following phenomena involve reduction of surface tension by alcohol or detergents?
- Ink spreading uniformly on paper
- Paint spreading easily on walls
- Soapy bubbles forming larger surfaces
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Alcohol, detergents, and soaps act as surfactants by reducing surface tension. This allows ink and paint to spread more evenly and soapy water to form larger, stable bubbles. All three given phenomena are examples where surface tension reduction enables the observed effects.
2. Consider the following pairs:
| Process |
Description |
| Galvanization |
Coating of iron with zinc |
| Sulphonation |
Removal of sulphur impurities from fuels |
| Vulcanization |
Conversion of alcohol to aldehyde |
| Hydrodesulfurization |
Treatment of rubber with sulphur |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only One Pair
[B] Only Two Pairs
[C] Only Three Pairs
[D] All Four Pairs
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only One Pair]
Notes:
Galvanization is coating iron with zinc (correct). Sulphonation is introduction of sulfonic acid group into organics, not removal of sulfur from fuels. Vulcanization is treatment of rubber with sulphur, not conversion of alcohol to aldehyde. Hydrodesulfurization is removal of sulfur from fuels, not rubber treatment. Only the first pair is correctly matched.
3. Consider the following pairs regarding fermentation products and their uses:
| Fermentation Product |
Use |
| Ethanol |
Alcoholic beverages and fuel |
| Lactic acid |
Formation of curd and sour milk |
| Citric acid |
Preservative and flavoring in foods |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only One Pair
[B] Only Two Pairs
[C] All Three Pairs
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All Three Pairs]
Notes:
Ethanol is used in alcoholic beverages and fuel—correct. Lactic acid is responsible for the formation of curd and sour milk—correct. Citric acid is used as a preservative and flavoring in foods—correct. All three pairs are correctly matched.
4. Consider the following pairs:
| Compound |
Common Name |
| Acetic acid |
Vinegar |
| Ethanol |
Grain alcohol |
| Methanol |
Wood alcohol |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only One Pair
[B] Only Two Pairs
[C] All Three Pairs
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All Three Pairs]
Notes:
Acetic acid is commonly known as vinegar. Ethanol is known as grain alcohol. Methanol is known as wood alcohol. Thus, all three pairs are correctly matched.
5. Consider the following pairs:
| Chemical |
Major Use |
| Ethanol |
Fuel and alcoholic beverages |
| Methanol |
Industrial feedstock for formaldehyde |
| Hexane |
Solvent in laboratories & cleaning |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
[A] Only One Pair
[B] Only Two Pairs
[C] All Three Pairs
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All Three Pairs]
Notes:
Ethanol is used as fuel and in alcoholic beverages. Methanol is mainly used as industrial feedstock for formaldehyde. Hexane is a common solvent in laboratories and cleaning. All three pairs are correctly matched.
6. Which of the following are everyday applications of biotechnology in food processing?
- Use of yeast in bread making
- Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in alcoholic fermentation
- Use of lactic acid bacteria in curd preparation
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]
Notes:
Yeast, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is widely used in bread making for dough fermentation and in alcoholic fermentation for beverages. Lactic acid bacteria are essential for converting milk into curd, enhancing texture and probiotic value. All three are common biotechnological practices in food processing, making all statements correct.
7. In ancient India, which term referred to a rice-based intoxicating or alcoholic drink?
[A] Asava
[B] Maireya
[C] Medaka
[D] Prasanna
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Medaka]
Notes:
Medaka was the rice-based alcoholic drink in ancient India. Prasanna was made from barley flour, Asava from sugarcane juice, Maireya from jaggery, and Madhu from grape juice, as per ancient texts, particularly Arthashastra.
8. Which state government has launched the Mukhyamantri Neera Samvardhan Yojana to promote Neera as a non-alcoholic health drink?
[A] Bihar
[B] Gujarat
[C] Haryana
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Bihar]
Notes:
The Bihar government launched the Mukhyamantri Neera Samvardhan Yojana to support toddy tappers and promote Neera as a non-alcoholic health drink. The scheme offers financial incentives to both palm tree owners and sap tappers. It aims to provide a sustainable livelihood option to marginalized communities like the Pasi Dalit community. The scheme is implemented by the Prohibition, Excise and Registration Department and Jeevika, which is the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society. Neera is the unfermented sap collected from palm trees before sunrise and is alcohol-free. If not consumed fresh, Neera naturally ferments into toddy, which contains about 4% alcohol. The toddy tapping season runs from April to July.
9. With reference to the HEALD initiative launched by ILBS, consider the following statements:
- It is India’s first nationwide initiative exclusively targeting viral hepatitis through a vaccination-based strategy.
- It aims to address liver diseases by combining public education, early screening, and medical management.
- The program includes integration of psychological care to reduce the stigma of alcohol dependence.
- It was launched on the occasion of World Hepatitis Day.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] 1 and 2 only
[B] 2 and 3 only
[C] 1, 2, and 4 only
[D] 2, 3, and 4 only
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [2 and 3 only]
Notes:
HEALD is aimed at alcohol-associated liver diseases, not specifically viral hepatitis through a vaccination-based strategy. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect. It integrates public education, screening, and mental health care as stated in Statement 2 and 3, which are correct. The initiative was launched on World Liver Day, not World Hepatitis Day, making Statement 4 inaccurate.
10. Consider the following possible causes for the prevalence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) cases in Assam:
- High intake of fatty and processed foods
- Presence of toxic metals in groundwater
- Lack of proper vaccination programs
- Excessive consumption of alcohol
Which among the above is/are identified as a major contributing factor according to a recent study?
[A] Only 2
[B] Only 1 & 2
[C] Only 1, 3 & 4
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 2]
Notes:
The recent study discovered that the gallstones in GBC patients in Assam contained high levels of arsenic, chromium, and mercury. These carcinogenic metals are predominantly found in the groundwater of the Brahmaputra Basin, which is believed to contribute greatly to the widespread incidence of GBC.
