11. Which district in Jharkhand has become the first to launch a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) screening campaign?
[A] Ranchi
[B] Palamu
[C] West Singhbhum
[D] Hazaribagh
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Ranchi]
Notes:
Ranchi is the first district in Jharkhand to launch a large-scale screening and management campaign for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, now called Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), occurs due to fat buildup in the liver without heavy alcohol use. In contrast, Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease is caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Early-stage NAFLD is harmless but can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure if untreated. It increases the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is its severe form, which may cause liver cancer.
12. Consider the following beverages:
- Kumis
- Mead
- Chhaang
- Tepache
Which of the above is / are alcoholic beverages?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] 1, 2, 3 & 4
[D] Only 1, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
All four beverages listed—Kumis, Mead, Chhaang, and Tepache—are alcoholic beverages. Kumis is fermented mare’s milk, Mead is made by fermenting honey with water, Chhaang is made from barley, rice, or millet, and Tepache is fermented pineapple.
13. Which article in the Indian Constitution is being conformed to by Bihar’s alcohol ban implemented in 2016?
[A] Article 46
[B] Article 47
[C] Article 48
[D] Article 49
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Article 47]
Notes:
The Bihar’s alcohol ban, implemented in 2016 conforms to the Article 47 of the Indian Constitution. The article promotes the prohibition of the consumption of intoxicants injurious to health, except for medicinal purposes. This article is part of the directive principles of state policy and is considered non-justiciable. However, it forms the basis of several policies and legislations. The alcohol ban in Bihar based on this article has resulted in significant health and social benefits.
14. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, recently seen in the news, is associated with which one of the following disease?
[A] Liver disease
[B] Kidney disease
[C] Heart disease
[D] Lungs disease
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Liver disease]
Notes:
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals Inc.’s drug Rezdiffra gained the first US approval to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a potentially deadly liver disease caused by fat buildup. NASH, part of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, can lead to cirrhosis. Symptoms include fatigue, unexplained weight loss, weakness, and upper right belly ache. Risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. Treatment involves managing conditions like cholesterol levels, weight, and diabetes.
15. Which country enacted a new law that mandates ‘Warning Labels on Alcoholic Products’?
[A] Italy
[B] Ireland
[C] Israel
[D] UAE
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Ireland]
Notes:
Ireland has enacted a new law that mandates all alcoholic products must prominently mention that their consumption is directly linked to liver disease and cancer.
It also provides warning against these products’ consumption during pregnancy.
16. Which institution developed a catalyst that can release hydrogen from wood alcohol without producing carbon dioxide?
[A] IIT Madras
[B] IIT Delhi
[C] IIT Guwahati
[D] IIT Kharagpur
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [IIT Guwahati]
Notes:
Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier is an organic compound that is capable of absorbing and releasing hydrogen through chemical reactions.
Researchers in IIT Guwahati have developed a catalyst that can release hydrogen gas from wood alcohol without the side production of carbon dioxide. This method makes methanol a promising LOHC.
17. Consider the following uses of bagasse, a by-product of sugarcane:
- Alcohol production
- Livestock feeding stock
- Carbon cortex
- Plastic
Which of the above applications is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 3
[B] Only 1, 2 and 4
[C] Only 3 and 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 3 and 4]
Notes:
Bagasse can be used to produce carbon cortex and plastic, but alcohol and livestock feed are mainly derived from molasses, another sugarcane by-product. Therefore, only statements 3 and 4 are correct. Bagasse is widely valued for industrial applications, while molasses is used for fermentative and animal-nutrition purposes.
18. With respect to the minimum legal drinking age, consider the following statements:
- Sale of alcohol is prohibited in all North eastern states except Assam.
- Minimum age for purchasing alcohol is 18 in all UTs except Lakshadweep.
- Haryana has reduced the minimum legal age from 25 to 21.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 3
[B] Only 1 & 3
[C] Only 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 3]
Notes:
The Haryana government has amended its Excise Act, lowering the legal drinking age from 25 to 21 years. In India, the minimum age for purchasing alcohol varies: 18 years in Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Sikkim, and Puducherry. 21 years in Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. and 25 years (now 21) in Haryana, Meghalaya, Punjab, and Delhi. Alcohol sales are prohibited in Bihar, Gujarat, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Lakshadweep.
19. Consider the following statements regarding various forms of hepatitis:
- Hepatitis A, B, and C are caused by different viruses, while hepatitis D and E are caused by over-consumption of alcohol.
- Hepatitis A and B are caused by RNA viruses, whereas hepatitis C is caused by a DNA virus.
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Neither 1 nor 2
[D] Both 1 and 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Neither 1 nor 2]
Notes:
Both statements are incorrect. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E are all caused by different viruses, not by alcohol consumption. Hepatitis B is caused by a DNA virus, while hepatitis A, C, D, and E are caused by RNA viruses. Hepatitis D occurs only as a co-infection with hepatitis B virus.
20. With reference to yeast, consider the following statements:
- They are single-celled organisms.
- They respire aerobically and during this process yield alcohol.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
Yeasts are single-celled organisms. They produce alcohol during anaerobic respiration (fermentation), not aerobic respiration. Hence, statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
