Q. In which year did Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj establish the Ashta Pradhan, or 'Council of Eight', pivotal in the governance of the Maratha Confederacy?
Answer: 1674
Notes: The Ashta Pradhan was instituted by Shivaji Maharaj in 1674 at his coronation. This council comprised eight ministers, each handling key administrative areas, forming the backbone of Maratha governance and contributing to efficient administration and military organization in Maharashtra.