National Policy on Geothermal Energy 2025
India has taken step towards clean energy by notifying the National Policy on Geothermal Energy in 2025. This policy aims to tap into the country’s largely unexplored geothermal resources. It aligns with India’s commitment to achieve its Net Zero target by 2070. The policy provides a framework to promote exploration, development, and utilisation of geothermal energy for power generation and direct applications.
Overview
The policy was notified by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). It focuses on using geothermal energy as a reliable and clean source. The policy encourages research, innovation, and international collaboration. It also promotes inter-ministerial coordination to support geothermal projects. The goal is to integrate geothermal energy with India’s broader renewable energy targets.
Applications of Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy can be used beyond electricity generation. The policy marks its use in district heating, agriculture, aquaculture, and space cooling through Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs). Other applications include greenhouse farming, tourism, desalination, and cold storage. These uses can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and support sustainable development.
Technological Innovations and Research
The policy encourages development of hybrid geothermal-solar plants. It supports retrofitting abandoned oil wells for geothermal use. Advanced technologies like Enhanced and Advanced Geothermal Systems (EGS/AGS) are also promoted. Research and development are key to overcoming technical challenges and improving efficiency.
Project Implementation and Collaboration
MNRE is the nodal agency for implementing geothermal projects. Five pilot and resource assessment projects have been sanctioned in the policy’s first phase. The policy allows developers to obtain exploration permits and 30-year leases. State governments are urged to establish single-window clearance systems for faster approvals. Collaboration with oil and gas companies, international geothermal bodies, and research institutions is emphasised.
Geothermal Potential in India
India has ten identified geothermal provinces with 381 hot springs. Key regions include the Himalayan Province (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand), Cambay Graben (Gujarat), Aravalli Province (Rajasthan), and the Godavari Basin (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana). Other provinces span Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The Geological Survey of India has mapped geothermal sites in 16 states.
Significance
Geothermal energy offers a stable and continuous power source unlike solar or wind. It can reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy security. The policy supports India’s aim to diversify its renewable energy mix. It also promotes sustainable economic growth through new industries and job creation in the geothermal sector.
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