India’s Progress Towards SDG 3
India has made strides in health under the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3). This goal focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages. Recent reports indicate that India is on track to achieve several health targets. Key indicators show improvements in maternal and child health, immunisation rates, and disease control.
Human Development Index Growth
India’s Human Development Index (HDI) has risen by over 53 per cent since 1990. This increase surpasses both global and South Asian averages. Economic growth and welfare initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission and Ayushman Bharat have driven this progress. As of 2023, life expectancy in India reached 72 years, the highest recorded since the HDI’s inception.
NITI Aayog’s SDG 3 Score
According to the NITI Aayog SDG Index, India’s score rose from 52 in 2018 to 77 in 2023. Several states have emerged as “front-runners” in health outcomes. Maternal mortality has decreased to 97 per 100,000 live births. States like Kerala and Tamil Nadu have already met the 2030 target of 70.
Child Health Improvements
Under-5 mortality rates have also improved, falling to 32 per 1,000 live births. Kerala leads with just 8 deaths. Child immunisation rates for ages 9 to 11 months reached 93.23%, with some states exceeding 100%. These advancements are crucial for enhancing child health across the nation.
Disease Control and Health Infrastructure
HIV incidence remains low at 0.05 per 1,000 uninfected individuals. Tuberculosis case notification has reached 87.13%, with states like Gujarat and Union Territories like Delhi surpassing national targets. Institutional deliveries have reached 97.18%, with Lakshadweep achieving 100%.
Ongoing Challenges
Despite these achievements, India faces challenges. Malnutrition remains prevalent, with 35 per cent of children under five stunted and 19 per cent wasted. Anaemia affects 67 per cent of under-five children and 57 per cent of women aged 15 to 49.
Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer accounted for over 60 per cent of deaths in 2019. Experts warn that without effective prevention and early detection, the rising NCD burden could hinder progress towards SDG 3.
Strategic Recommendations for Future Progress
To meet SDG 3 targets by 2030, experts recommend an integrated approach. This includes expanding last-mile healthcare delivery, scaling up NCD screening and treatment, addressing nutritional deficiencies, investing in mental health, and increasing funding for primary healthcare. Bridging rural-urban divides and ensuring healthcare equity will be essential for success.
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