India Joins WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement

India became a party to the World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies by depositing its Instrument of Acceptance on 20 July 2026. India became the 123rd WTO member to deposit the acceptance instrument for the agreement.

WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies

The Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies was adopted at the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference in Geneva in June 2022. The agreement covers subsidies linked to marine wild capture fishing and related activities. It excludes aquaculture and inland fisheries from its scope.

Key Provisions of the Agreement

The agreement prohibits government support for illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. It also addresses subsidies that contribute to overfishing and overcapacity in marine fisheries. The text contains disciplines on support for vessels and operators involved in harmful fishing practices.

India’s Position in Phase II Negotiations

India had earlier withheld ratification of Phase 1 during 2026 while Phase 2 negotiations continued. India has sought a 25-year transition period for developing countries in Phase II discussions. India has also sought stronger disciplines on distant-water industrial fishing fleets and a permanent carve-out for small-scale and artisanal fishers.

Important Facts for Exams

• The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies entered into force on 15 September 2025 after two-thirds of WTO members deposited their acceptance instruments.
• The World Trade Organization held its 12th Ministerial Conference in Geneva in June 2022.
• Marine wild capture fishing refers to the harvesting of wild fish from oceans and seas, while aquaculture refers to fish farming.
• Small-scale and artisanal fishers generally operate with limited capital, small vessels, and near-shore fishing methods.

India’s Fisheries Context

India has stated that its fisheries subsidies are among the lowest globally, at about $15 per fisher family annually. India is not classified as a heavily industrialised fishing nation.

WTO and Fisheries Governance

The World Trade Organization is the global body that regulates trade rules among member states. Fisheries subsidy disciplines are linked to marine resource conservation, stock management, and the control of harmful fishing incentives.