Himachal Pradesh Snow Leopard Population Surges Significantly

Recent surveys have revealed a remarkable increase in the snow leopard population across Himachal Pradesh. The Wildlife Wing of the state’s Forest Department reported an increase from 51 individuals in 2021 to 83 in 2025. This growth excludes cubs and covers high-altitude habitats. The survey also marked notable wildlife discoveries, including the first official sighting of Pallas’s cat in Kinnaur and the rediscovery of the woolly flying squirrel in Lahaul.

Comprehensive Population Estimation

Himachal Pradesh conducted its second comprehensive snow leopard population survey between 2024 and 2025. The first assessment took place from 2018 to 2021. The recent survey was completed within a year, demonstrating improved efficiency and coordination. It was carried out in partnership with the Nature Conservation Foundation. This effort positioned Himachal Pradesh as the first state of India to estimate snow leopard numbers scientifically and extensively.

Survey Methodology and Coverage

The survey covered 26,000 square kilometres across Spiti Valley, Kinnaur, Pangi, Lahaul, and the Greater National Himalayan Park. Around 271 camera traps were installed to detect snow leopards and other wildlife. The team identified 44 unique snow leopards, the same number as the previous survey, but overall population estimates rose due to refined analysis. Density ranged between 0.16 and 0.53 individuals per 100 square kilometres, with the highest concentrations found in Spiti, Pin Valley, Upper Kinnaur, and Tabo.

Community Involvement and Conservation Impact

The survey brought into light snow leopard presence outside protected areas such as Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary and Great Himalayan National Park. This stresses the importance of involving local communities in conservation. Teams included local youth and community members, with an indigenous women’s group from Kibber contributing to data analysis for the first time globally. Their participation marks step towards inclusive and community-driven wildlife conservation.

Additional Wildlife Findings

The camera traps also recorded other mammals sharing the snow leopard habitat. These included blue sheep, Himalayan ibex, musk deer, Himalayan wolf, brown bear, common leopard, red fox, stone marten, mountain weasel, and yellow-throated marten. Ensemble modelling helped create updated distribution maps for prey species, aiding future conservation planning.

Significance and Future Prospects

This survey provides a robust baseline for long-term snow leopard monitoring in Himachal Pradesh. It offers a scalable and cost-effective model for wildlife population estimation. The approach can be replicated in other Himalayan states to ensure adaptive management of snow leopards and their ecosystems. Himachal Pradesh’s success demonstrates how scientific rigour combined with community participation can enhance conservation outcomes.