Heptapleurum Assamicum
Botanists revealed a new plant species named *Heptapleurum assamicum* from Assam’s Dima Hasao and West Karbi Anglong districts. This evergreen shrub enriches the biodiversity of Northeast India, a region known for its unique flora. The species was found during detailed surveys in the Kopili River basin, growing on large boulders in flowing water habitats. Its discovery marks the region’s still unexplored botanical wealth.
Discovery
*Heptapleurum assamicum* was located in a specialised rheophytic habitat. Such plants thrive in fast-flowing water. The shrub’s exposed roots and umbrella-shaped leaves were distinctive. Only about ten individual plants were found, all on a single large rock along the riverbank. This limited population suggests a fragile existence.
Taxonomy and Botanical Features
The species belongs to the Araliaceae family, which includes the ornamental umbrella plant (*H. arboricola*). Unlike its relative, *H. assamicum* has narrow, lance-shaped leaflets under 1.2 cm wide. Its flowers are a vivid purple, contrasting with the greenish-yellow flowers of *H. arboricola*. The shrub’s inflorescences hold up to 15 flowers per umbel. The fruit ripens to a deep reddish-purple with unique orange-red glands, a rare trait in the genus.
Phenology
Flowering occurs from January to March. Fruits mature by May. This seasonal pattern aligns with the regional climate. The small population size and specific habitat requirements raise concerns about reproductive success and long-term survival.
Conservation Status
Currently, *Heptapleurum assamicum* is classified as Data Deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). No immediate threats have been reported, but its tiny, localised population could be vulnerable to environmental changes. Researchers urge comprehensive surveys to map its full distribution and assess conservation needs.
Ornamental Potential and Ecological Importance
The shrub’s evergreen foliage and compact growth may suit botanical gardens and shaded landscaping. Its discovery adds to the growing list of endemic species in Northeast India. It also puts stress on the importance of protecting riverine and forest ecosystems in the region. The species exemplifies the evolving taxonomy of *Heptapleurum*, recently separated from the broader genus *Schefflera*.
Significance
With over 320 species worldwide and 23 in India, the genus *Heptapleurum* remains underexplored in the Northeast. The new species enriches the biodiversity hotspot status of Assam. It marks the need for ongoing botanical exploration in accessible yet poorly studied areas.
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