Green Sea Turtle Status Upgraded to Least Concern

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has upgraded the Red List status of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) from Endangered to Least Concern. This change reflects decades of global conservation efforts. Despite ongoing threats, the green turtle population has risen by nearly 28 per cent since the 1970s. The species remains vital to marine ecosystems and human cultures worldwide.

Ecological Importance of Green Sea Turtles

Green turtles are keystone species in tropical marine environments. They maintain coral reefs and seagrass meadows, which support diverse marine life. Their grazing helps keep seagrass beds healthy and prevents overgrowth. These turtles also have cultural, spiritual, and economic roles in many coastal communities.

Conservation Measures Leading to Recovery

Efforts have focused on protecting nesting females and eggs on beaches. Community-based initiatives have reduced unsustainable harvesting for food and trade. The use of Turtle Excluder Devices in fishing gear has lowered accidental capture. Successful projects in Ascension Island, Brazil, Mexico, and Hawai’i have helped some subpopulations approach pre-exploitation numbers.

Remaining Threats to Green Turtles

Despite population gains, green turtles are still far below historic levels before European colonisation. Direct harvesting, both commercial and non-subsistence, remains a major threat. Fisheries bycatch causes mortality. Coastal and marine habitat destruction from development continues to harm nesting and feeding grounds.

Impact of Climate Change

Climate change is increasingly threatening green turtle habitats. Rising temperatures affect nesting beaches and hatchling survival. The Southwest Pacific subpopulation, including Raine Island in Australia, has seen declining hatchling production over several years. This signals urgent need for climate resilience in conservation plans.

Future Conservation Priorities

Sustained global conservation is essential to maintain and build on current recovery. Protecting habitats is as important as protecting turtles themselves. Healthy oceans and coasts are critical for turtle survival and human well-being. Coordinated efforts across countries and communities remain key to long-term success.