Fossil Discovery in Makum Coalfield
Recent discoveries in the Makum Coalfield of Assam, have provided vital information about the region’s ancient biodiversity. Researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences have identified fossil leaves, dating back 24 million years, belonging to the Nothopegia genus. This genus is currently found only in the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study reveals how climate and geological changes have affected biodiversity over millions of years.
Discovery of Fossils in Assam
Scientists discovered fossil leaves in the Makum Coalfield. This area is known for its rich fossil deposits. The fossil leaves were analysed for their morphological traits. Comparisons with herbarium specimens helped identify them as Nothopegia. This genus is not present in northeast India .
Age and Significance of the Fossils
The fossils date back to the late Oligocene epoch, approximately 24–23 million years ago. They represent the oldest known record of the Nothopegia genus. About this ancient plant provides vital information about historical biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics in South Asia.
Climate Conditions in Ancient Northeast India
Research indicates that the climate in northeast India during the late Oligocene was warm and humid. Advanced techniques like the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program were used to reconstruct these conditions. This climate was conducive for Nothopegia, allowing it to thrive in the region.
Geological Changes and Their Impact
Over millions of years, geological changes occurred. The rise of the Himalayas altered temperature, rainfall, and wind patterns. These changes rendered the climate less hospitable for tropical species, including Nothopegia, which eventually disappeared from northeast India.
Survival of Nothopegia in the Western Ghats
Despite its disappearance from northeast India, Nothopegia survived in the Western Ghats. This region maintained a stable climate. The survival of this species marks the role of biodiversity refuges in preserving ancient lineages amidst environmental changes.
Methodology of the Study
The study employed a multidisciplinary approach, combining paleobotany, systematics, and climate modelling. This methodology allows researchers to explore ecological transformations over millions of years. It provides a framework for understanding how species respond to climate changes.
Implications for Modern Biodiversity
The findings tell the historical patterns of extinction and migration due to climate change. Today’s rapid climate shifts, driven by human activity, pose new challenges. The study of Nothopegia offers vital information about how modern plant species might adapt or migrate in response to current environmental pressures.
Importance of Biodiversity Conservation
Protecting biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats is crucial. These areas serve as refuges for ancient species. The research marks the need for conservation efforts to safeguard biodiversity against ongoing climate challenges.
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