Eurasian Otter
The Eurasian otter, once thought extinct in Kashmir for nearly three decades, has been spotted again in the Lidder River. This semi-aquatic mammal, known locally as Vuder, is classified as ‘near threatened’ by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The recent sightings in south Kashmir have sparked interest among wildlife officials and conservationists, denoting the potential for ecological restoration in the region.
Historical Context
Historically, the Eurasian otter thrived in Kashmir’s water bodies. Records indicate population in areas like Dachigam National Park and the streams feeding the Dal Lake. However, the otter’s population declined sharply due to water pollution and hunting for its fur. The last confirmed sighting occurred around 30 years ago, leading to its presumed extinction in the Valley.
Recent Sightings
In recent months, multiple sightings have been reported. The first was in Gurez Valley, followed by appearances in Heerpora and the Lidder River. These sightings were confirmed through videos and photographs taken by local villagers. Wildlife officials have initiated CCTV surveillance to monitor the otter’s movements, marking a renewed effort to protect this species.
Ecological Importance
The Eurasian otter plays important role in maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems. As a carnivorous mammal, it feeds on fish and other aquatic fauna, helping to control their populations. The presence of otters indicates a balanced ecosystem, as they require clean water and abundant prey. Their return could signal improving water quality in Kashmir’s rivers and lakes.
Habitat and Distribution
The Eurasian otter inhabits a variety of aquatic environments. These include rivers, lakes, marshes, and coastal areas. In India, it is primarily found in northern and northeastern states, as well as in southern regions. The otter adapts well to different habitats, making it resilient in various ecological settings.
Physical Characteristics
Eurasian otters are known for their sleek brown fur, which is lighter on the underside. They possess a long, streamlined body equipped with webbed feet, which aid in swimming. Their acute senses of sight, smell, and hearing enhance their ability to hunt effectively. The otter can close its ears and nose while submerged, allowing it to thrive in aquatic environments.
Conservation Status
The IUCN lists the Eurasian otter as ‘near threatened.’ In India, it is protected under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, where it is classified in Schedule II. Additionally, it is listed in Appendix I of CITES, which regulates international trade of endangered species. Conservation efforts are essential to ensure the survival of this species in Kashmir.
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