Niallia tiangongensis
Recent research aboard the Tiangong Space Station has revealed a new bacterial species named Niallia tiangongensis. This discovery occurred during the Shenzhou 15 mission, which returned to Earth in June 2023.
Discovery Context
The new bacterium was isolated from surface samples on the Tiangong Space Station. This is the first instance of a new microbial species being identified in this Chinese space station. The discovery marks the potential for life to exist and adapt in extreme environments beyond Earth.
Characteristics of Niallia tiangongensis
Niallia tiangongensis is an aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It closely resembles Niallia circulans, a species found on Earth. However, genetic variations indicate adaptations that allow survival in space. The bacterium’s ability to decompose gelatine is particularly noteworthy, as it suggests potential for life in nutrient-poor conditions.
Genetic Mutations and Adaptations
The study identified mutations in two key proteins of Niallia tiangongensis. These mutations may enhance the bacterium’s resilience to oxidative stress and its capacity for biofilm formation. Additionally, the bacterium shows improved mechanisms for repairing radiation damage, crucial for survival in space.
Previous Discoveries and Future Research
The discovery of Niallia tiangongensis is not isolated. Other bacteria have been found on the International Space Station, some of which may assist in agricultural efforts on Mars. Recent studies have also uncovered numerous bacterial strains in NASA clean rooms, emphasising the diversity of life that can survive in controlled environments.
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